Assessment of Nanoparticle Release from Polyamide 6- and Polypropylene-Silicon Composites and Cytotoxicity in Human Lung A549 Cells

Irfan, Adeel; Sachse, Sophia; Njuguna, James; Pielichowski, Krzysztof; Silva, Francesco; Zhu, Huijun

doi:10.1007/s10904-013-9856-3

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…With a similar study using cutting, drilling demonstrated significant differences and an increase in overall nanoparticle release (Bello et al 2009). In the study by Irfan et al (2013), polyamide-silica nanocomposites displayed up to ten times more nanoparticles generated than from polypropylene materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Drilling is a fundamental and significant machining process used during assembly operations. In a review on the effects of drilling on nanocomposites (Starost and Njuguna 2014;Starost et al 2015), five studies were identified to have investigated the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite materials (Bello et al 2010;Sachse et al 2012a,b;Irfan et al 2013;Starost et al 2017). All five studies demonstrated nano-sized aerosols to be released due to the drilling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of nanosilica (SiO₂) and nanoalumina (Al₂O₃) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling

Starost

Frijns

Laer

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect nanosilica and nanoalumina has on nanoparticle release from industrial nanocomposites due to drilling for hazard reduction whilst simultaneously obtaining the necessary mechanical performance. This study is therefore specifically designed such that all background noise is eliminated in the measurements range of 0.01 particles/cm 3 and §10% at 10 6 particles/cm 3. The impact nano-sized SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 reinforced polyester has on nanoparticle aerosols generated due to drilling is investigated. Real-time measurement was conducted within a specially designed controlled test chamber using a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer (SMPS). The results show that the polyester nanocomposite samples displayed statistically significant differences and an increase in nanoparticle number concentration by up to 228% compared to virgin polyester. It is shown that the nanofillers adhered to the polyester matrix showing a higher concentration of larger particles released (between 20-100 nm). The increase in nanoparticle reinforcement weight concentration and resulting nanoparticle release vary considerably between the nanosilica and nanoalumina samples due to the nanofillers presence. This study indicates a future opportunity to safer by design strategy that reduces number of particles released concentration and sizes without compromising desired mechanical properties for engineered polymers and composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nanosilica (SiO₂) and nanoalumina (Al₂O₃) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling

Starost

Frijns

Laer

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In a different study, when nanoclay platelets or silica nanoparticles were dispersed in polyamide 6 and subjected to drilling, the total number concentration of aerosolized particles was significantly greater (usually more than 10x) than when the same particles were dispersed in polypropylene. 5 This same effect was observed when comparing drilling of the two host materials without nanofillers, suggesting the nanofiller characteristics play only a minor role in the release properties compared to the host material.…”

Section: Effect Of the Host Materialmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Studies intended to simulate active sanding processes tend to use motorized industrial or laboratory scale sanding equipment, and a few studies of manual sanding with commercial sandpaper have even been published. [2][3] Release during and after other manufacturing processes such as drilling, [4][5] grinding, 2 cutting/sawing, 2, 6-7 and shredding 8 has also been explored. Most research efforts that study the effects of abrasion on release of ENMs from nanocomposites are concerned with potential inhalation exposures, and therefore they have tended to focus exclusively on aerosol and airborne particle analysis.…”

Section: Release Of Enms Due To Mechanical Degradation Of the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Engineered Nanomaterials from Polymer Nanocomposites: the Effect of Matrix Degradation

Duncan

2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Polymer nanocomposites-polymer-based materials that incorporate filler elements possessing at least one dimension in the nanometer range-are increasingly being developed for commercial applications ranging from building infrastructure to food packaging to biomedical devices and implants. Despite a wide range of intended applications, it is also important to understand the potential for exposure to these nanofillers, which could be released during routine use or abuse of these materials so that it can be determined whether they pose a risk to human health or the environment. This article is the second of a pair that review what is known about the release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) from polymer nanocomposites. Two roughly separate ENM release paradigms are considered in this series: the release of ENMs via passive diffusion, desorption, and dissolution into external liquid media and the release of ENMs assisted by matrix degradation. The present article is focused primarily on the second paradigm and includes a thorough, critical review of the associated body of peer-reviewed literature on ENM release by matrix degradation mechanisms, including photodegradation, thermal decomposition, mechanical wear, and hydrolysis. These release mechanisms may be especially relevant to nanocomposites that are likely to be subjected to weathering, including construction and infrastructural materials, sporting equipment, and materials that might potentially end up in landfills. This review pays particular attention to studies that shed light on specific release mechanisms and synergistic mechanistic relationships. The review concludes with a short section on knowledge gaps and future research needs.

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“…As discussed, currently only nine studies have evaluated the influence of nanoparticles on nanoparticle release during drilling [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. All of the studies observed nanoparticle release and highlighted the potential hazard and exposure to humans which needs to be understood.…”

Section: Influence Of Fillermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

Starost

Njuguna

2020

Atmosphere

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Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles are increasingly being used to tailor industrial composites. However, despite the advantages, GO has shown conceivable health risks and toxicity to humans and the environment if released. This study investigates the influence that GO concentrations have on nanoparticle emissions from epoxy-reinforced carbon fiber hybrid composites (EP/CF) during a lifecycle scenario, that is, a drilling process. The mechanical properties are investigated and an automated drilling methodology in which the background noise is eliminated is used for the nanoparticle emissions measurements. Real-time measurements are collected using a condensation particle counter (CPC), a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer (SMPS), a real-time fast mobility particle spectrometer (DMS50) and post-test analytical methods. The results observe that all three nanoparticle reinforced samples demonstrated a statistically significant difference of up to a 243% increase in mean peak particle number concentration in comparison to the EP/CF sample. The results offer a novel set of data comparing the nanoparticle release of GO with varying filler weight concentration and correlating it the mechanical influence of the fillers. The results show that the release characteristics and the influence in particle number concentration are primarily dependent on the matrix brittleness and not necessarily the filler weight concentration within the nanocomposite.

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Assessment of Nanoparticle Release from Polyamide 6- and Polypropylene-Silicon Composites and Cytotoxicity in Human Lung A549 Cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of nanosilica (SiO₂) and nanoalumina (Al₂O₃) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling

The effect of nanosilica (SiO₂) and nanoalumina (Al₂O₃) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling

Release of Engineered Nanomaterials from Polymer Nanocomposites: the Effect of Matrix Degradation

The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

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Assessment of Nanoparticle Release from Polyamide 6- and Polypropylene-Silicon Composites and Cytotoxicity in Human Lung A549 Cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of nanosilica (SiO2) and nanoalumina (Al2O3) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling

The effect of nanosilica (SiO2) and nanoalumina (Al2O3) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling

Release of Engineered Nanomaterials from Polymer Nanocomposites: the Effect of Matrix Degradation

The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

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Product

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The effect of nanosilica (SiO₂) and nanoalumina (Al₂O₃) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling

The effect of nanosilica (SiO₂) and nanoalumina (Al₂O₃) reinforced polyester nanocomposites on aerosol nanoparticle emissions into the environment during automated drilling