Assessment of Normal Systolic Blood Pressure Maintenance with the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification Progression in Asymptomatic Metabolically Healthy Korean Adults with Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obesity

Abstract

Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is known to have a close association with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Despite recent data on the benefit of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in diverse clinical conditions, little is known regarding the association of normal SBP maintenance (SBPmaintain) with coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression in MHO. This study included 2724 asymptomatic adults (48.8 ± 7.8 years; 77.9% men) who had no metabolic abnormalities except overweight and obesity. Participants with normal weight (44.2%), overweight (31.6%), and obesity (24.2%) were divided into two groups: normal SBPmaintain (follow-up SBP < 120 mm Hg) and ≥elevated SBPmaintain (follow-up SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg). CAC progression was defined using the SQRT method, a difference of ≥2.5 between the square root (√) of the baseline and follow-up coronary artery calcium score. During a mean follow-up of 3.4 years, the proportion of normal SBPmaintain (76.2%, 65.2%, and 59.1%) and the incidence of CAC progression (15.0%, 21.3%, and 23.5%) was different in participants with normal weight, overweight, and obesity (all p < 0.05, respectively). The incidence of CAC progression was lower in the normal SBPmaintain group than in the ≥elevated SBPmaintain group in only participants with obesity (20.8% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.048). In multiple logistic models, compared to participants with normal weight, those with obesity had a higher risk of CAC progression. Normal SBPmaintain was independently associated with the decreased risk of CAC progression in participants with obesity. MHO had a significant association with CAC progression. Normal SBPmaintain reduced the risk of CAC progression in asymptomatic adults with MHO.