Assessment of Nurses’ Workload in Intensive Care Unit by Use of Scoring Systems

Abstract

Aim. To assess the level of correlation between two scoring systems: patient categorization according to the Croatian Nursing Council consensus and Nine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Score (NEMS) and their ability to determine if the number of nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU) is optimal to provide adequate nursing care, and to assess the level of correlation between the severity of patients’ illness and the level of nurses’ satisfaction with provided care. Methods. Research was performed in surgical ICU of the Clinical Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, in the period between January 8th and April 14th, 2014. 256 patients aged 18-92 years were included in the study. Patient categorization and NEMS were calculated each day during the first 7 days of the ICU stay. NEMS was calculated using a pre-made table of variables and categorization was calculated using an electronic form included in nursing electronic patient files. Satisfaction of provided care was expressed using the Likert scale (1-5). Results. Study results have shown a moderate but significant level of correlation between the categorization and NEMS scores. Mean NEMS score during the first 7 days in the ICU was 26.93 ± 4.64 and the highest measured values were at day 4 (30.34±8.1) after which they started decreasing. Mean cumulative NEMS throughout the whole ICU stay was 269.3. According to the fact that according to NEMS scoring system one nurse can provide maximum of 45 points for 24 hours, the results have shown that a 10 bed ICU needs at least 5.98 (6) nurses to provide adequate level of care. Average categorization score was 57.83±4.29 and the highest recorded score was at day 7 (59.7±4.44). According to the categorization scoring system time needed to provide care for one 4th category patient throughout 24 hours is 10 or more hours. Since the description of the 4th category doesn’t specify what is the upper limit of time needed to provide care for each patient, 14 hours was used to determine a minimum number of nurses, and according to the categorization score 5.83 (6) nurses are needed in the ICU. Nurses’ satisfaction with provided care has shown a significant negative correlation with NEMS score and categorization score. Conclusion. Both scoring systems can be used to assess nursing workload in a surgical ICU. However, NEMS is simpler and quicker to use, more applicable, useful and should be routinely used in place of categorization to assess nursing workload in surgical ICUs.

Distribution of Pathogens and Predictive Values of Biomarkers of Inflammatory Response at ICU Admission on Outcomes of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Bacterial Superinfections—Observations from National COVID-19 Hospital in Croatia

“…The percentage of patients with Acinetobacter baumanii superinfections in our cohort was significantly higher compared to the results of a review by Pasero et al [ 16 ], where it varied between 0.8–61%, with most studies reporting results between 30 and 40%. The most probable reason for the reported prevalence of Acinetobacter baumanii is the fact that compared to other centers where ICU beds were located in ICUs, in UH Dubrava there was an increased number of ICU beds (85 beds in total, of which around one third were located in rooms that were repurposed to become makeshift ICUs) and reduced nurse/patient ratio, which would need to be 1:1 in mechanically ventilated patients but was 1:2.5–1:3 [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Patient Flow in Congested Intensive Care Unit /Step-down Unit system: Premature Step-down or not?

“…The NEMS score is a scoring derived by Miranda et al (1997) from the therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS) to determine the required levels of intensive care needs, provide information on the severity and prognosis of patients' acuity and determine the number of nurses needed and their workload. The NEMS score is a value between 0 and 56 points and represents the sum of nine (9) patient related factors (see Table : 2) that influence nurses' workload as they administer care (Carmona-Monge et al 2013;Miranda 1997;Vuković 2020).…”