Assessment of Nutritional Status, Body Composition, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Morphologic Changes

Abstract

Nutritional status should be assessed at regular intervals as part of management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The simplest approach to assessment is serial weight measurement. A comprehensive nutritional assessment includes (1) anthropometric measurements of body composition; (2) biochemical measurements of serum protein, micronutrients, and metabolic parameters; (3) clinical assessment of altered nutritional requirements and social or psychological issues that may preclude adequate intake; and (4) measurement of dietary intake. Techniques for measuring body composition of fat and lean body mass include anthropometry and bioelectric impedance analysis. Other techniques, including dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), hydrodensitometry, total body potassium measurement, and cross-sectional computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are available in research centers. Anthropometry, including waist-hip ratios, regional DXA, and cross-sectional imaging, is best for detecting morphologic changes associated with fat redistribution syndrome. Nutritional assessment and intervention in children with HIV can help to prevent stunted growth and development.

Impact of Domestic Waste Exposure on Health and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 5-7 Years

“…Exclusion criteria: being parental orphan; disabled [9]; injured [10]; stayed for 2 months or more unexposed to waste immediately prior to examination (for observational group); and unwilling to participate.…”

Evolução de parâmetros antropométricos em portadores do vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana ou com Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida: um estudo prospectivo

“…Outra preocupação no cuidado à saúde mental e física desses pacientes seria o risco potencial de doenças aterogênicas, já que o acúmulo de gordura central está associado à síndrome metabólica e ao maior risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis 4,12,13 . Assim, a investigação e o diagnóstico precoce das alterações morfológicas em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus HIV em uso de terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade, são imperativos para a identificação de riscos e o contínuo alcance dos objetivos de assistência a longo prazo nesta população [14][15][16] . O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e a evolução de parâmetros antropométricos para alterações morfológicas em pacientes vivendo com HIV/Aids em uso de terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade recém introduzida.…”

Nutrition and AIDS in the Caribbean: Looking beyond survival

“…In 2003 Knox and colleagues noted that deficiencies in serum Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, selenium and zinc have been associated with progression of HIV infection. [6] Despite the recent success of HAART, malnutrition due to inadequate food intake remains a serious problem for persons with advanced HIV disease. [7] It was therefore critical to assess the nutritional outcome of individuals infected with HIV whose nutritional management is carefully monitored.…”