Assessment of on-site sanitation practices and contamination of groundwater in rural areas of Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India

Bindra, Deepak; Ravindra, Khaiwal; Chanana, Neha; Mor, Suman

doi:10.1007/s10668-020-00789-9

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The results of Figure 3 implied that although many countries have achieved the MDG 7c targets, safely managed FS is still a challenge to accomplish the SDG6 targets, especially in South and Southeast Asia. A similar finding was documented by UNESCO (2015) and Bindra et al (2021), which reported that most urban cities in India still practice open defecation, causing not only environmental and economic impacts, but also public health problems. In Southeast Asia, for example in Thailand, about 19 million m 3 of FS from on-site sanitation systems (conventional septic tanks or cesspits/cesspools) are produced annually, but more than 90% of these FS are unsafely managed (Satterthwaite 2016; WHO/UNICEF 2017).…”

Section: Achievement Of Mdg7c and Sdg 6 Targets Of Thailand And Comparing With Other Countriessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique was applied to identify optimum conditions to achieve effective sanitation management practices for each city. To identify the effective sanitation management levels, data on the sanitation performance from various cities were applied (Taweesan et al 2015a(Taweesan et al , 2015bADB 2016;De La Brosses et al 2017;Bindra et al 2021). A city is considered to have effective sanitation management practices (such as Tokyo, Japan and Nonthaburi, Thailand) if collection efficiencies were greater than 80%, 'moderate' if the collection efficiencies were between 50 and 80%, and 'poor' if the collection efficiencies were less than 50% (such as Malang, Indonesia; Punjab, India; and Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel approach on 'Non-Sewered Sanitation' with decentralized treatment systems is considered to be a promising alternative to achieve SDG6 targets and bringing health benefits to the people. Several studies have highlighted deficiencies of decentralized treatment systems in different countries, resulting in disposal of untreated FS into nearby storm drains and water resources (Taweesan et al 2015a(Taweesan et al , 2015bArphacharus 2016;De La Brosses et al 2017;Freeman et al 2017;Bindra et al 2021). These findings were confirmed by Weststrate et al (2019) who mentioned that, to accomplish the SDG6 targets, consideration should be given to safe sanitation management from containment to adequate treatment facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Inconvenient truth: unsafely managed fecal sludge after achieving MDG for decades in Thailand

Koottatep

Taweesan

Kanabkaew

2021

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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In most low- and middle-income countries, due to financial constraints and improper management practices, the expansion of conventional centralized systems to enhance wastewater management services is not practical. Despite the fact that the majority of the world population has met the Millennium Development Goals 7c (MDG7c) targets, more than 2.5 billions are still using unimproved sanitation facilities and affecting the safety of drinking water and public health. Because of this problem, a novel approach on ‘Non-Sewered Sanitation’ with decentralized treatment systems is being recognized as a promising alternative to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goal No. 6 (SDG6) targets on ‘Safe Water and Sanitation’ and bringing health benefits to the people. This study aimed to investigate the current status of access to improved sanitation facilities in relation to the MDG7c and SDG6 in Thailand and comparing with other countries, including the effects of unsafely managed fecal sludge (FS) on the prevalence of diarrhea and liver fluke infections. The prevailing constraints and weaknesses were identified, and effective sanitation management measures to accomplish SDG6 targets were recommended. Based on data collected from 20 cities located in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand during the period of 2015–2020, the sanitation facilities data on conventional centralized systems and FS management facilities that affect the prevalence of diarrhea and liver infections were analyzed and interpreted using statistical and response surface methodology techniques. The findings showed that most of the surveyed cities have achieved the MDG7c targets, but 70% of the FS generated from on-site sanitation systems are still unsafely managed, caused by limited expansion of sewage systems for wastewater collection and conveyance (with inadequate operation and maintenance) as well as the financial constraints, especially in areas outside of urban neighborhoods. The effective sanitation management practices to accomplish the SDG6 targets were proposed such as increasing the capacity of sanitation facilities to be 55,000 m3/day/30,000 households, designing appropriate FS collection program and treatment technology, and providing more awareness programs for safe sanitation management and health risk protection.

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Section: Achievement Of Mdg7c and Sdg 6 Targets Of Thailand And Comparing With Other Countriessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inconvenient truth: unsafely managed fecal sludge after achieving MDG for decades in Thailand

Koottatep

Taweesan

Kanabkaew

2021

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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“…Poor coverage of sewerage system, especially in rural areas, calls for on-site and safe containment and management of faecal waste. Faecal matter, when dumped in the open-land environment (near households), affects public health and results in contamination of soil and water resources (Sarkar et al 2016;Nath & Sharma 2017;Reese et al 2019;Roy & Pramanick 2019;Subbalakshmi et al 2020;Bindra et al 2021). This also leads to bacterial contamination impacting water quality, especially in shallow aquifers.…”

Section: Sanitation Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human excreta contain several pathogens, and chronic exposure and contamination of such faecal pathogens have severe health consequences especially among children (Mills et al 2018;Goddard et al 2020). Groundwater contamination from domestic sewage and unscientific disposal of human excreta is of significant public health concern, in rural and periurban areas (Rajmohan 2020;Bindra et al 2021). Additionally, safe sanitation implies that the entire sanitation chain functions safely and managed sustainably, raising needs for addressing the market failures and loopholes through long-term involvement of the public sector (Bharat et al 2020).…”

Section: Sanitation Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in water and sanitation sectors in India

Sarkar

Bharat²

2021

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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India, with over 1.37 billion population and housing one-sixth of the world's inhabitants, has a significant role to play in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper analyses the policies and programmes of the Government of India, towards the achievement of Targets 6.1 and 6.2 of SDG-6 that focus on safe drinking water and sanitation. The alignment of the policies and programmes is discussed in correlation of the output, outcome, and impacts on these targets of SDG 6. The Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission (SBM) launched in 2014 led the country with more than 98% of households having access to toilets. The Jal Jeevan Mission has the ambitious target of universal coverage of drinking water supply. While these programmes have led to the overall development, a vast scope of improvement in these sectors exists especially considering the growing population, economic activity, urbanisation, and climate change impacts. Analysis also shows that adequate quantitative and qualitative data on the implementation of the various policies and programmes would be instrumental in synergising the implementation of the SDGs. A systems-thinking approach for sustaining the efforts of the ongoing programmes and ensuring equitable benefits of development in the water and sanitation sectors in India is recommended.

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Field-based methods for measuring greenhouse gases emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review of published literature

Poudel,

Ghimire,

Howard

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Assessment of on-site sanitation practices and contamination of groundwater in rural areas of Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Inconvenient truth: unsafely managed fecal sludge after achieving MDG for decades in Thailand

Inconvenient truth: unsafely managed fecal sludge after achieving MDG for decades in Thailand

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in water and sanitation sectors in India

Field-based methods for measuring greenhouse gases emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review of published literature

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