Assessment of On-Site Treatment Process of Institutional Building’s Wastewater

Abstract

This study is conducted to investigate the characteristics of outflow wastewater of the 1 m 3 on-site wastewater treatment unit on the basis of the testing and measurement data of the samples that were taken during the study monitored period (August 2017 to January 2018). For this purpose, samples were taken on a weekly basis from the treated wastewater effluent and five quality parameters (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, E-coli counts) were monitored and measured. The average values of the five parameters were compared with the Jordanian standard maximum values, and water reuse in irrigation of plants classifications have been assessed and investigated. Average values of BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and E-coli in treated wastewater were 11 mg/L, 104 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 7.51, and 387 counts, respectively. The installation of in-line ultraviolet (UV) unit in recirculating delivery system played a vital role in the reduction of counts far below the permissible maximum level (1000 counts). Based on national and international standards and criteria, results showed that the treated wastewater is suitable for the irrigation of two classifications of plants: (i) Fruit trees, road-green sides outside cities, and green landscape; (ii) Crops, commercial crops, and forest trees. Hence, such very low water flow rate treatment system can be utilized in refugees' camps and water scarce residential areas in Jordan.

Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Co-Digestion of Municipal Food Waste and Wastewater Sludge at Refugee Camps Using an Automated Methane Potential Test System

“…Jordan is a semi-arid country with scarce fresh water resources and relatively limited agricultural activities [1,2]. Currently, Jordan is ranked second in the world in water scarcity [3][4][5]. Therefore, the biomass availability in arid and semi-arid regions can be considered to be relatively low compared with non-arid regions [6].…”

Wastewater Reclamation in Major Jordanian Industries: A Viable Component of a Circular Economy

“…Lyu et al ( 2016) discussed all advances in technology by which wastewater may be treated to meet the most stringent quality requirements and be used for any purposes desired [49]. For instance, the technologies applied in wastewater reuse include: (1) oxidants for disinfection purposes using sodium hypochlorite; ultraviolet radiation [80]; and ozone for high bactericidal disinfection [81] and the removal of 90-99% for antibiotics and estrogens [82]; (2) biological treatments such as anaerobic, maturation ponds and constructed wetlands [83][84][85]; (3) physical separations such as membrane filtration for 81% removal of electroconductivity, 83% for Na + , and 80% for Cl − [86]; the removal of 95% of heavy metals [87]; the removal of >89% of pharmaceuticals [88]; (4) electrochemical treatments to completely remove Escherichia coli [89][90][91]; as well as, (5) solar photocatalysis with TiO 2 for >90% removal of emerging pollutants (i.e., pharmaceuticals and personal care products) [92], and removals of 33% for Cd and 75% for Co [93].…”

Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study

“…Jordan is one of several countries suffering from shortages of energy and water due to many reasons but mainly the lack of natural resources such as fossil fuel. Jordan imports about 96% of energy supply from neighboring countries [8][9][10]. Jordan's population is increasing at a high rate, and the current population is 9.53 million inhabitants.…”