Assessment of organosomatic indices and histopathological changes in vital organs of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> juveniles fed graded levels of boiled sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>) seed meal

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of substituting boiled sunflower seed meal (BSSM) for soybean meal (SBM) on the organosomatic indices and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and intestine of Clarias gariepinus juveniles for fifteen weeks. BSSM was substituted for SBM at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% in formulating six isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (4651.5 Kcal/kg) diets. Diets were fed twice daily to triplicate groups of 360 C. gariepinus juveniles inside eighteen rectangular tanks (20 fish per tank). The result showed that hepatosomatic index (HSI) was significantly highest (3.11%) in the fish fed 0% BSSM diet and lowest (0.87%) in those fed 100% BSSM inclusion. HSI values progressively decreased with increasing inclusion level of BSSM. Kidney-somatic index (KSI) was highest (0.74%) in fish fed 20% BSSM inclusion and least (0.32%) in those fed 100% inclusion. Intestino-somatic index (ISI) was superior (3.82%) in fish fed 100% BSSM inclusion and least (3.16%) in those fed 40%. The liver, kidney and intestine of fish fed 0 and 20% BSSM inclusions showed no visible signs of damage. However, fish fed higher BSSM inclusions (>20%) revealed extensive hepatic degeneration, periportal congestions and severe diffuse cytoplasmic vacuolations of hepatocytes. Kidney tubules of fish fed higher BSSM inclusions exhibited diffuse interstitial congestions, diffuse swelling, epithelial vacuolations and degeneration as well as necrosis. Intestinal changes in fish fed higher BSSM inclusions included reduced sub-mucosal width, markedly stunted villi, moderate erosion of villi's epithelia, hyperplastic villi, necrosis of enterocytes and inflammatory cells in villi's lamina propria. Inclusion of boiled sunflower seed meal beyond 20% in C. gariepinus' diet could cause adverse histological alterations.

Cytological Applications of the Vacuolization Phenomenon as a Means of Determining Saline Cytotoxicity

“…Concerning studies showing that vacuolization is a characteristic phenomenon in the identification of cellular stress, including salt stress, numerous authors have described vacuolization in response to various stress factors in rice [24], wheat [25], vegetables [26], cotton [27], rapeseed [28], soybean [29] and maize [30]. Researchers have also observed that diets containing oil from the world's three main oil crops-rapeseed [31], soybean [32] and sunflower [33]-induced hepatocyte vacuolization.…”

Growth Performance and Histopathology of Clarias Gariepinus Fed Toasted Canavalia Ensiformis Diet

“…The significantly (p<0.001) high liver (LIS), Heart (HIS), Kidney (KSI) and Gill (GSI) indices in fish fed control diets compared to the TCe diets indicated that these organs reduction in size could have been as result of deposition of toxic substance or antinutrients(Adesina, 2017). The increase in LSI value in an ideal environment is related to normal liver growth but, in cases of pollution, liver enlargement is associated with hyperplasia(Hoque et al 1998;Adesina , 2017;Sogbesan, 2007 and Adejinmi , 2000). The HSI observed in the fish fed 0% TCe-based diet (control diet) indicated normal liver growth resulting from dietary treatment without TCe seed meal at this level.…”