Assessment of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers and DNA damage inTeladorsagia circumcinctafollowing exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Drug resistance to helminth parasites is one of the most serious problems to threaten the livestock industry. The problem also poses a major threat to public health. Therefore, novel and safe agents should urgently be investigated to control parasitic infections. The current study was conducted to evaluate the possible antiparasitic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes, Teladorsagia circumcincta. The worms were incubated with various concentrations of ZnO-NPs: 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm for 24 hours. Mobility and mortality of the parasites were recorded at four-hour intervals. At the endpoint, several biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, as well as lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, total antioxidant status, nitric oxide contents and DNA damage, were measured in the homogenized samples. ZnO-NPs showed significant anthelminthic effects, depending on time and concentration. Furthermore, the nanoparticle induced severe oxidative/nitrosative stress and DNA damage. ZnO-NPs could be considered as a novel and potent anthelminthic agent.

Toxicities of the copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles onMarshallagia marshalli(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and egg hatchability

“…marshalli . The results regarding mortality and mobility also supported this hypothesis (Khan et al ., 2015; Esmaeilnejad et al ., 2018; Baghbani et al ., 2020). Several studies have noted that SOD has the highest catalytic efficiency compared to any other enzyme available.…”

“…contortus , similar to T . circumcincta , which shows its low level of efficiency (Esmaeilnejad et al ., 2018; Baghbani et al ., 2020). The effects of exposing earthworms to ZnO-NPs had the same effect in CAT activity pattern (Hu et al ., 2010).…”

“…The images were grouped based on the fluorescence intensity (using a fluorescence microscope; Eclipse Ts2R, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) in the comet tail and they were given a value of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Arbitrary units of 0–400 were used for the total scores (Baghbani et al ., 2020).…”

“…Due to the ability of metallic NPs to cause oxidative stress and form free radicals inside biological systems (Baghbani et al ., 2020), the current study hypothesized that NPs of Cu oxide (CuO) and ZnO could be used as anthelmintics by inducing DNA damage and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Therefore, we measured several biomarkers of oxidative markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonylation (PCO), nitric oxide (NO) and DNA damage to elucidate the possible anthelminthic mechanisms.…”

“…NPs can pass membrane barriers due to their small dimensions and can cause higher reactivity (Adeyemi & Faniyan, 2014). There have been numerous successful attempts in producing NPs that are environmentally friendly and effective in eliminating intestinal parasites (Khan et al ., 2015; Rashid et al ., 2016; Tomar & Preet, 2017; Esmaeilnejad et al ., 2018; Baghbani et al ., 2020).…”