The North American paddlefish Polyodon spathula (Walbaum) is likely the only remaining extant species of paddlefish because the Chinese paddlefish Psephurus gladius (Martens) likely went extinct between and 2010(Zhang et al., 2020. Globally, paddlefish are among the most commercially valuable species of fishes (Gessner et al., 2013), and paddlefish are imperiled worldwide due to growing black caviar markets (Onders & Mims, 2015;Pikitch et al., 2005) and overfishing (Glassic et al., 2020;Jennings & Zigler, 2000). In the United States, paddlefish are native to lotic systems, such as both the Missouri and Mississippi River basins (Carlson