Purpose: assessment of the possibilities of sonography in the pathology ofthe parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods: publications containing information about anatomo-topographical and sonographical features of parathyroid glands. Results: the possibility of using ultrasonography among patients with hyperparathyroidism with typical and atypical location of the parathyroid glands is defined. Conclusion: the conclusion is drawn on necessity of the further working out sonographically criteria, suitable for an indirect estimation of parathyroid hormone level at patients with hyperparathyroidism.