Assessment of Paroxetine Molecular Interactions with Selected Monoamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporters

Abstract

Thus far, many hypotheses have been proposed explaining the cause of depression. Among the most popular of these are: monoamine, neurogenesis, neurobiology, inflammation and stress hypotheses. Many studies have proven that neurogenesis in the brains of adult mammals occurs throughout life. The generation of new neurons persists throughout adulthood in the mammalian brain due to the proliferation and differentiation of adult neural stem cells. For this reason, the search for drugs acting in this mechanism seems to be a priority for modern pharmacotherapy. Paroxetine is one of the most commonly used antidepressants. However, the exact mechanism of its action is not fully understood. The fact that the therapeutic effect after the administration of paroxetine occurs after a few weeks, even if the levels of monoamine are rapidly increased (within a few minutes), allows us to assume a neurogenic mechanism of action. Due to the confirmed dependence of depression on serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid levels, studies have been undertaken into paroxetine interactions with these primary neurotransmitters using in silico and in vitro methods. We confirmed that paroxetine interacts most strongly with monoamine transporters and shows some interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid transporters. However, studies of the potency inhibitors and binding affinity values indicate that the neurogenic mechanism of paroxetine’s action may be determined mainly by its interactions with serotonin transporters.

The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurodegeneration: Janus-Faced Role in Parkinson’s Disorder and Therapeutic Implications

“…It is noteworthy that the L-KYN/TRP ratio is elevated by IDO-1 activation [47,48]. Additionally, the proinflammatory stimuli can also affect the activity of kynurenine 3monooxygenase (KMO), which are elevated in the hippocampus and whole brain extracts as a result of systemic administration of LPS in rats [49][50][51][52].…”