Assessment of periodontal health status in postmenopausal women visiting dental hospital from in and around Meerut city: Cross-sectional observational study

Abstract

Background:Puberty, menses, pregnancy, and menopause are the different phases of a woman's life which have a varied influence on oral health. During the menopause, women go through biological and endocrine changes, particularly in their sex steroid hormone production which affects their health. Because the oral mucosa contains estrogen receptors, variations in hormone levels can be seen directly in the oral cavity leading to a few oral conditions and diseases seen more frequently during postmenopausal years.Objective:The objective of this study is to assess periodontal health status in postmenopausal women in and around Meerut city.Materials and Methods:The study sample comprised ninety postmenopausal women. History of menopause was recorded, and the dental examinations were done by measuring the following parameters of periodontal health: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket probing depth, and Russell's periodontal index. The collected data were subjected to statistical analyses.Results and Conclusion:In the study group, mean age was 55 years, mean missing teeth were 10.3, mean duration of menopause was 9.23. Eleven percent females were completely edentulous, and 5 females had never brushed. Mean PI-s was 1.99, mean GI-s was 1.74, mean BOP was 52.85, and mean Russell's periodontal index was 4.34. Eleven patients were at the initial stages of destructive periodontal disease, 34 had established destructive periodontal disease while thirty patients had the terminal periodontal disease. These findings suggest that females after menopause are at a risk of developing destructive periodontal disease if proper oral hygiene practices are not followed.

Long‐term testosterone depletion attenuates inflammatory bone resorption in the ligature‐induced periodontal disease model

“…The hallmark characteristic of chronic periodontitis is inflammatory resorption of alveolar bone and the global prevalence of the severe form is high (∼10%) . There is convincing evidence that hormonal fluctuations affect periodontal disease, particularly for diabetes and variations in female steroid hormones . Interestingly, in spite of greater incidence and severity of destructive periodontal disease in males, there is a relative scarcity of information regarding the effect of androgens on the disease process.…”

PREVALENCIA DE ENFERMEDAD PERIODONTAL EN ESCOLARES DE 12 AÑOS DE CHIQUINTAD CUENCA (Azuay, Ecuador).

“…Para el cálculo del promedio del índice de Russell de cada escolar se sumaron todos los valores correspondientes a cada uno de las piezas evaluadas y se dividieron por el número de dientes presentes, estableciendo el estado clínico periodontal de cada escolar como sigue: de 0 a 0,2: tejido de soporte sano; de 0,3 a 0,9: gingivitis simple; de 1,0 a 1,9: gingivitis severa o periodontitis inicial; de 2,0 a 4,9: enfermedad periodontal destructiva establecida; y de 5,0 a 8,0: enfermedad periodontal terminal. 14 Para el presente estudio se consideró totalmente sanos a los pacientes que presentaron un valor promedio de IPR igual a cero. A la par se aplicó una encuesta a los mismos escolares para evaluar sus hábitos de higiene bucal.…”

Effects of Locally Delivered Minocycline Microspheres in Postmenopausal Female Patients with Periodontitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study

“…Several studies show that postmenopausal women with osteoporosis have a low bone mineral density and tend to have a greater loss of periodontal attachment. The skeletal demineralization in osteoporosis may also affect the resistance of the alveolar bones to the inflammatory destruction of periodontitis, along with a number of inflammatory and microbiological interactions, which relate osteoporosis to periodontal disease [ 13 , 14 ].…”