Assessment of pesticide residues and microbial contamination in raw leafy green vegetables marketed in Italy

Santarelli, Gino Angelo; Migliorati, Giacomo; Pomilio, Francesco; Marfoglia, Cristina; Centorame, Patrizia; D’Agostino, Antonella; D’Aurelio, Roberta; Scarpone, Rossana; Battistelli, Noemi; Simone, Federica Di; Aprea, Giuseppe; Iannetti, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.09.035

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an intake of 400 g of fruits and vegetables per person per day. Overall, there is an increase in consumption with the fresh fruit and vegetable market proliferating in a variety of ways, including the provision of a wide array of healthy beverages and minimally processed fresh‐cut products, but dietary survey data show that adult intakes do not meet the WHO requirements . There may be many reasons for this, but the fact that a steadily growing market of organically labeled fruits and vegetables has caught on despite the high price, seems to point towards a public fear of agrochemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also an increasing number of fungicide‐resistant organisms . As a result, different countries have enforced regulations on pesticide usage on fresh produce, resulting in the need to develop rapid techniques to analyze residues …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expansion of the market has resulted in the adoption of mass‐scale preharvest management techniques . As a result of coping with the growing industry, contamination by human pathogens adds to the factors that make them unwholesome . It is disturbing to note that enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella have been reported on fresh produce in different countries and a recent study in India reports E. coli O157:H7 and norovirus on fresh produce .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 As a result, different countries have enforced regulations on pesticide usage on fresh produce, resulting in the need to develop rapid techniques to analyze residues. 1 While the global biological control market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.6% during 2016-2021 (https://www.prnewswire.com/), the complete elimination of synthetic agrochemical usage cannot be assumed to be straightforward. It is prudent to be aware of the risks as illustrated by the documentation of information available on microorganisms (biological agents) intentionally added to food and feed by the European Food Safety Authority.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 As a result of coping with the growing industry, contamination by human pathogens adds to the factors that make them unwholesome. 1,7 It is disturbing to note that enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella have been reported on fresh produce in different countries 7 and a recent study in India reports E. coli O157:H7 and norovirus on fresh produce. 8 Smaller fruits like berries, which are regarded as health promoting and are consumed without peeling, have larger surface areas for such pathogens, and the use of agrochemicals on such fruits, which are consumed intact, is also a grave issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multifaceted approach to harness probiotics as antagonists on plant based foods, for enhanced benefits to be reaped at a global level

Karunaratne

2018

J Sci Food Agric

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Investigations into probiotics have focused on their health benefits thus far, with some of the findings finally reaching the food and pharmaceutical industries, which have used them for commercial purposes. In biocontrol research some microbes, mainly isolated from plants, have shown antagonism towards both enteric and plant pathogens, and some of them represent probiotic species. Fresh fruits and vegetables are regarded as health-promoting dietary constituents, and if probiotics could be used to control the pathogens on them then they could turn out to be even healthier. The fresh produce industry still depends on agrochemicals and the increase in the demand for high-priced organically grown produce indicates consumer concerns regarding the use of agrochemicals. If the potential of probiotic organisms to serve as biocontrol agents for fresh produce is exploited, all fresh produce can be made as safe as organically grown produce, and much more wholesome. This review appraises the feasibility of such a move by evaluating how research has progressed in both disciplines (probiotic and biocontrol) and suggests sharing results from research via information technology, efficient collaboration, and the use of novel molecular biological tools to achieve the objective of probiotic antagonists. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multifaceted approach to harness probiotics as antagonists on plant based foods, for enhanced benefits to be reaped at a global level

Karunaratne

2018

J Sci Food Agric

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Influence of agronomic practices and pre-harvest conditions on the attachment and development of Listeria monocytogenes in vegetables

Miceli

Settanni

2019

Ann Microbiol

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Interest in fresh vegetables is on the increase due to their protective effects against several diseases. Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen easily found in vegetables. The purpose of this review article is to analyse the influence of the agricultural practices applied in pre-harvest, the environmental biotic and abiotic factors characterising the cultivation field, as well as the handling procedures at harvest that might greatly influence the presence and the levels of L. monocytogenes in fresh produce. This review article describes the routes of L. monocytogenes infections in relation to the agricultural practices commonly applied during vegetable cultivation. It also analyses the influence of the different cultivation systems as well as the main environmental factors and compares the effects of manual and mechanical harvest retrieving data from literature. Even though post-harvest sanitising is a common practice, fresh produce is still responsible for foodborne diseases. In the last years, the number of cases of human listeriosis is on the increase, and the consumption of fresh vegetables is being more frequently associated with these events. While still relatively rare, human listeriosis is one of the most serious food-borne diseases and continues to be one of the more lethal foodborne pathogens associated with vegetables. Seed decontamination represents an efficient operation to reduce microbial plant internalisation and diffusion. Since L. monocytogenes persists in soil for long periods, the hydroponic systems have been found to reduce its contamination of vegetables.

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Occurrence and level of emerging organic contaminant in fish and mollusk from Klang River estuary, Malaysia and assessment on human health risk

Omar

Yusoff

Mustafa

2019

Environmental Pollution

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The occurrence, level, and distribution of multiclass emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in fish and mollusks from the Klang River estuary were examined. The targeted EOCs for this assessment were phenolic endocrine disrupting compounds (bisphenol A, 4-OP, and 4-NP), organophosphorous pesticides (quinalphos, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon), estrogenic hormones (E2, E1, and EE2), and pharmaceutically active chemicals (primidone, sulfamethoxazole, dexamethasone, diclofenac, amoxicillin, progesterone, and testosterone). Results from this study showed that the prevalent contamination of the Klang River estuary by EOCs with diclofenac, bisphenol A, progesterone, and amoxicillin were predominantly detected in fish and mollusks. Among the EOCs, diclofenac and progesterone had the highest concentrations in fish and mollusk samples, respectively. The concentrations of diclofenac and progesterone in fish and mollusk samples range from 1.42 ng/g to 10.76 ng/g and from 0.73 ng/g to 9.57 ng/g, respectively. Bisphenol A should also be highlighted because of its significant presence in both fish and mollusks. The concentration of bisphenol A in both matrices range from 0.92 ng/g to 5.79 ng/g. The calculated hazard quotient (HQ) for diclofenac, bisphenol A, and progesterone without consideration to their degradation byproduct were less than one, thus suggesting that the consumption of fish and mollusks from the Klang River estuary will unlikely pose any health risk to consumers on the basis of the current assessment. Nonetheless, this preliminary result is an important finding for pollution studies in Malaysian tropical coastal ecosystems, particularly for organic micropollutant EOCs, and can serve as a baseline database for future reference.

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Assessment of pesticide residues and microbial contamination in raw leafy green vegetables marketed in Italy

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

A multifaceted approach to harness probiotics as antagonists on plant based foods, for enhanced benefits to be reaped at a global level

A multifaceted approach to harness probiotics as antagonists on plant based foods, for enhanced benefits to be reaped at a global level

Influence of agronomic practices and pre-harvest conditions on the attachment and development of Listeria monocytogenes in vegetables

Occurrence and level of emerging organic contaminant in fish and mollusk from Klang River estuary, Malaysia and assessment on human health risk

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