Assessment of pesticide residues in freshwater areas affected by rice paddy effluents in Southern Japan

Abstract

Pesticide residues in five freshwater areas that are directly affected by rice paddy effluents in southern Japan were measured to determine their maximum concentrations and temporal variations. Water samples were collected every week during the 2005 rice planting season in Kagoshima Prefecture and stations were established in Amori River, Sudo River, Nagaida River (that drains into the bigger Kotsuki River), rice paddy drainage canal, and wastewater reservoir (that collects effluents from rice paddy fields). Of the 14 target pesticides examined, a total of 11 were detected in all stations. Mefenacet, fenobucarb, and flutolanil were the three pesticides with the highest maximum concentrations and were also detected frequently. Analysis of temporal variations of pesticides showed that herbicides had relatively higher concentrations in the earlier stages of the rice planting season, while insecticides and fungicides had relatively higher concentrations at the later stages. There was no significant difference among stations with regards to the temporal patterns of the top three pesticides. The calculated toxic units were less than 1 in all stations, implying low or negligible environmental risk of pesticides detected to freshwater organisms.

Seasonal distribution of herbicide and insecticide residues in the water resources of the vineyard region of La Rioja (Spain)

“…Monitoring studies across the five continents have drawn attention to the potential that pesticides (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides) have to contaminate natural waters. Water contamination at different levels and by different compounds has been reported in several countries in Africa: Morocco (El Bakoury et al, 2008), Egypt (Nasr et al, 2009), Ghana (Agyapong et al, 2013), and the Republic of Benin (Pazou et al, 2014); the Americas: USA (Carriger et al, 2016), Costa Rica (Echeverría-Sáenz et al, 2012), Brazil (Milhome et al, 2015), and Argentina (De Gerónimo et al, 2014); Asia: Japan (Añasco et al, 2010), China (Zheng et al, 2016), India (Mamta et al, 2015), and Vietnam (Van Toan et al, 2013); and Oceania: Australia (Allinson et al, 2015) and New Zealand (Steward et al, 2014)). In Europe, different hydrogeological environments have been monitored in Germany (Reemtsma et al, 2013), France (Lopez et al, 2015), Italy (Montuori et al, 2016), Portugal (Cruzeiro et al, 2015), Denmark (Matamoros et al, 2012), and Greece (Papadakis et al, 2015), and levels of pesticides exceeding those permitted by EU legislation have been found to different extents in water resources beside agricultural areas growing different crops.…”

Influence of Combinations of Pesticides and Fertilizers on Aquatic Productivity

“…Recent studies showed the occurrence of pesticides and other agrochemicals and their residues in surface water and groundwater near agriculture lands over the world [17] [18]. These compounds mainly comprise pesticides used on agriculture crops.…”

Impacts of acute exposure of industrial chemicals and pesticides on the survival of fish (Tilapia guineensis) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)

“…12 Repeated application could lead to loss of biodiversity since they usually act by disrupting some component of the pest's life processes to kill or inactivate it. 13 Most of these chemicals especially pesticides are not easily degradable, they persist in soil, leach to groundwater, surface water and contaminate the environment. Depending on their chemical properties, synthetic pesticides can enter an organism, bioaccumulate in food chains and consequently influence human health.…”