Assessment of pH Value and Release of Calcium Ions in Calcium Silicate Cements: An In Vitro Comparative Study

Abstract

The goal of this study was to evaluate the pH and the release of calcium from four calcium-silicate-based cements. Methods: Four materials were tested (ProClinic MTA; Angelus MTA; ProRoot MTA; Biodentine). The palatal canal root of acrylic upper molars was filled with each cement. Afterwards, they were set in phosphate-buffered saline. Measurements were taken by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) at 3, 24, 72, 168, 336, 672, and 1008 h. The pH was measured at the same timepoints. Kruskal–Wallis tests were carried out in each period, as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests showed no parametric results. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) in calcium release were found at the 3-, 24-, and 72-hour evaluations. All of the analyzed groups presented a release of calcium ions up to 168 h, and the general tendency was to increase up to 672 h, with a maximum release of 25.45 mg/g in the ProRoot group. We could only observe significant differences (p < 0.05) in pH value over 168 h between the Biodentine (7.93) and Angelus MTA (7.31) groups. Conclusions: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in calcium release. Nevertheless, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the pH values were found at the studied timepoints, except for the values at 168 h.

Antibacterial Potential of Pulp Capping Materials

“…However others found no statistically significant difference in antifungal efficacy for C. albicans between ProRoot MTA, and Biodentine [53] . In contrast, other authors found no difference in antibacterial activity against E. faecalis between them [52,54,55] .…”

“…It was found that Biodentine showed significantly higher pH and calcium ion release compared to ProRoot [50,51] . But Rubén Herrera-Trinidad et al reported that the pH values and Ca release increased in the Biodentine group at 168 h [52] .…”