Assessment of Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Properties, and Antimicrobial Activities of Stocksia Brahuica Benth

Abstract

Introduction: Stocksia brahuica Benth. (Sapindaceae) is an invaluable shrubby plant distributed in Iran, Afghanistan, and Balochistan region of Pakistan. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of leaf, fruit, and seed extracts of S. brahuica were screened. Methods: Plant materials were collected in September 2021 from Zahedan, southeast of Iran. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacity were assessed spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH free radical scavenging methods, respectively. The effectiveness of crude hydroethanolic extracts of the leaf, fruit, and seed of Stocksia brahuica were also assayed against four gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli) and two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes) as well as two fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans). Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed to vary from 136.7 to 263.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 26.6 to 104.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g of powdered dry weight. The highest amounts of phenolic and flavonoid content were detected in leaves. Good antioxidant activities were observed with leaves followed by fruits and seeds. Based on our antimicrobial experiments, some plant organs were successful in blocking the growth of tested pathogenic strains. Conclusion: As a result, natural products derived from this plant can make a significant contribution to the development of the nutritional and pharmaceutical industries.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from the fruit, leaf, and branchlet of Cupressus arizonica Green

“…The GC/MS analysis study revealed that the tested extracts contained an abundant amount of components that can contribute to their effective antioxidant potential in DPPH assay. The chemical components identified that are classified in Table 2 confirm these statements, so that some of these components from classes such as labdane diterpenes, abietane di-terpenes, phenolic di-terpenes, oxygenated cembrene di-terpenes, oxygenated abietane di-terpenes, phenolic acids, resin acids, monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds, volatile phenolic compounds, tocopherols (Ebrahimnezhad et al 2022), lignans (Abdulkhani et al 2020), triterpenoids, and coumarins inhibited free radical scavenging activity in-vitro bioassay. The antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extracts of branchlet of C. arizonica was higher than that of fruit, leaf, BHT, and AA, which can be caused by the amount of the some mentioned antioxidant components (Table 2).…”

“…Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and play an important role in antioxidant activity and scavenging free radicals through their hydroxyl groups (Cosme et al 2020;Ebrahimnezhad et al 2022), where deviates depending on their molecular structure and characteristics (Qian et al 2020;Falah et al 2021). In addition to phenolic compounds, other structures such as terpenes could develop antioxidant capacity in plant organs both solitarily or synergistically (Álvarez-Martínez et al 2021).…”

Antimicrobial Effects of Medicinal Plant Species on Salmonella typhimurium Strains Isolated from Poultry Feces Samples

“…2 filter paper, and the filtrate was dried using a rotary device (Heidolph, Germany) and a vacuum pump (distillation in a vacuum) and stored in the dark at 4°C until needed for experiments. The dried extract was then dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (10%) to prepare a stock solution at a concentration of 200 mg/mL from each plant extract, from which desired concentrations were made (14). In the Agar well diffusion method, the extract concentration of 50 mg/mL was used.…”