Assessment of phenolic profile of Turkish honeys

Abstract

In this study, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of 60 Turkish honey samples of nineteen different floral origins were evaluated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, providing the identification of 32 phenolic compounds. Thyme (1051.58 mg/kg), pine (994.18 mg/kg), carob (935.03 mg/kg), eucalyptus (814.46 mg/kg), rhododendron (680.71 mg/kg), heather (562.59 mg/kg), cedar (561.83 mg/kg), and euphorbia (501.64 mg/kg) present significantly high phenolic content. Moreover ferulic, homogentisic, gentisic, syringic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, caffeic, vanillic, p-coumaric, 4-hydroxy benzoic, and trans-2-hydroxy cinnamic acids were the most abundant of the determined compounds. The antioxidant activities of the honeys were evaluated by β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ABTS + cation radical scavenging activity which were measured as IC 50 : 10.87-48.23 µg/mL, SC 50 : 54.33-99.40 µg/mL and SC 50 : 10.33-41.20 µg/mL, respectively. Phenolic compounds are considered antioxidant constituents, and they could be stated as components that account for antioxidant activity in Turkish honeys.

Investigation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of some Salvia species commonly grown in Southwest Anatolia using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

“…Then, ultrasonic extraction was applied for 15 min., the extract was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min at 20 °C and filtered using Whatman No 4. The residue was extracted twice more with 30 mL of acetone:water mixtures (Kıvrak et al, 2013(Kıvrak et al, , 2017Kıvrak & Kıvrak, 2016;Kıvrak, 2015), extracts were combined, the solvents in the combined extracts was evaporated at 40 °C (Rotary Evaporator Heidolph Basis Hei-VAP ML). The aqueous phase was washed 3 times with 30 mL of n-hexane and 3 times with 30 mL of ethyl acetate for liquid-liquid extraction.…”

“…The solution (2 µL) was passed through Macherey-Nagel Chromafil Xtra PTFE-20/25 0.20 μm filters and injected to UPLC-ESO-MS/MS (Waters Acquity Ultra Performance LC, Xevo TQ-S MS-MS). On this present study, method parameters of UPLC-ESO-MS/MS for the phenolic compounds analysis were applied according to our previous literatures (Kıvrak et al, 2013(Kıvrak et al, , 2017Kıvrak & Kıvrak, 2016;Kıvrak, 2015) (Table 1). All extractions techniques and UPLC-ESO-MS/MS analysis methods used in the analysis of phenolic compounds are original.…”

Phenolic compounds profile and biochemical properties of honeys in relationship to the honey floral sources

“…The analytical procedures used to determine polyphenols in honey involve their extraction from the honey matrix, and their chromatographic separation followed by quantification . Numerous studies of honey phenolic acids and flavonoids have been focused on the extraction of the phenolic compounds from honey using the Amberlite XAD‐2 resin, solid‐phase extraction (SPE) procedures with commercial cartridges (Bond Elut octadecyl C18, Sep‐Pak RP C18, Oasis HLB and Strata‐X) or liquid–liquid extraction methods prior to their identification and quantification. Liquid chromatography (LC) is considered to be the most useful separation technique for the analysis of polyphenols in honey, including high‐performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) and HPLC‐mass spectrometry (MS) for quantitative measurements …”

Protective effects of aqueous extracts of some honeys against HCl/ethanol‐induced gastric ulceration in rats

“…Our findings could be shown as compatible with the previous honey studies included the same major pollen property but, full similarity could not be ensured. For example, Kıvrak and Kıvrak () also identified the individual phenolic contents of nineteen different floral origins using an advanced chromatographic technique that organized by UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Also, Can et al () analyzed the phenolic profile of rhododendron honeys collected from different regions in Turkey.…”