Assessment of Physio-Chemical Properties of Ground Water in the South Western Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

KHAN, Md. Shohel

doi:10.54989/msd-2022-0016

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The ex-ante analysis considers the baseline water level and salinity conditions of 2015. It assesses the potential impact of Previous analyses have shown that under baseline conditions, there is plenty of fresh water for irrigation in much of the Barisal division throughout the dry season [26,46,47]. Freshwater availability is abundant due to the connectivity of these rivers to the lower Meghna River.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…River network of study area. The south-central zone possesses several tidal rivers and an extensive network of surface water irrigation and navigation routes, with tidal effects extending inland as far as 150 km [26]. The river system exhibits the highest flow rates during the monsoon (June/July to September/October) season, whereas the flow rates are lowest between January and March.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can crop production intensification through irrigation be sustainable? An ex-ante impact study of the south-central coastal zone of Bangladesh

Khan,

Islam,

Akhter

et al. 2024

PLOS Water

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In Bangladesh’s south-central coastal zone, there is considerable potential to intensify crop production by growing dry winter season ‘Boro’ rice, maize, wheat, pulses and oilseeds using irrigation from southward flowing and predominantly freshwater rivers. However, the impacts of surface water withdrawal for sustained irrigation and its safe operating space remain unclear. We used field measurements and simulation modeling to investigate the effects of irrigation water withdrawal for Boro rice–the most water-consumptive crop–on river water flow and salinity under different climate change and river flow scenarios. Under the baseline conditions, about 250,000 ha could potentially be irrigated with river water that has salinity levels below 2 dS/m. The impact on river water salinity would be minimal, and only between 0.71 to 1.12% of the cropland would shift from the 0–2 dS/m class to higher salinity levels. Similarly, for the moderate climate change scenario (RCP 4.5) that forecasts a sea level rise of 22 cm in 2050, there would be a minor change in water flow and salinity. Only under the extreme climate change scenario (RCP 8.5), resulting in a sea level rise of 43 cm by 2050 and low flow conditions that are exceeded in 90% of the cases, the 2 dS/m isohaline would move landward by 64 to 105 km in March and April for the Tentulia and Buriswar Rivers. This would expose an additional 36.6% of potentially irrigable cropland to salinity levels of 2 to 4 dS/m. However, Boro rice will already be well established by that time and can tolerate greater levels of salinity. We conclude that there is considerable scope to expand irrigated crop production without negatively exposing the cropland and rivers to detrimental salinization levels while preserving the ecosystem services of the rivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Can crop production intensification through irrigation be sustainable? An ex-ante impact study of the south-central coastal zone of Bangladesh

Khan,

Islam,

Akhter

et al. 2024

PLOS Water

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“…This study, at the nexus of SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 6 (Clean Water) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), seeks to determine whether it is possible to abstract surface water for irrigation in the dry winter months to increase agricultural production, while ensuring sustainable management of river water by staying within the safe operating space. The ex-ante analysis considers the Previous analyses have shown that under baseline conditions, there is plenty of fresh water for irrigation in much of the Barisal division throughout the dry season (34)(35). Freshwater availability is abundant due to the connectivity of these rivers to the lower Meghna River.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The south-central zone possesses several tidal rivers and an extensive network of surface water irrigation and navigation routes, with tidal effects extending inland as far as 150 km (35). The river system exhibits the highest flow rates during the monsoon (June/July to September/October) season, whereas the flow rates are lowest between January and March.…”

Section: Study Region and Districts And Rivers And Canals Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can crop production intensification through irrigation be sustainable? An ex-ante impact study of the coastal zone of Bangladesh

Khan¹,

Islam²,

Akhter³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In Bangladesh’s south-central coastal zone, there is considerable potential to intensify crop production by growing dry winter season ‘Boro’ rice, maize, wheat, pulses and oilseeds using irrigation from southward flowing and predominantly freshwater rivers. However, the impacts of surface water withdrawal for irrigation and its safe operating space remain unclear. We used field measurements and simulation modeling to investigate the effects of irrigation water withdrawal for Boro rice – the most water-consumptive crop that can be grown by farmers – on river water flow and salinity under different climate change and river flow scenarios. Under the baseline conditions of 2015, about 250,000 ha could potentially be irrigated with river water that has salinity levels below 2 dS/m. The impact on river water salinity would be minimal, and only between 0.71 to 1.12% of the cropland would shift from the 0-2 dS/m class to higher salinity levels. Similarly, a minor change in water flow and salinity was simulated for the moderate climate change scenario (RCP 4.5) that forecasts a sea level rise of 22 cm in 2050. Only under the extreme climate change scenario (RCP 8.5), resulting in a sea level rise of 43 cm by 2050, and low flow conditions that are exceeded in 90 percent of the cases, the 2 dS/m isohaline would move landward by 64 to 105 km in March and April for the Tentulia and Buriswar Rivers. This would expose an additional 36.6% of potentially irrigable cropland to salinity levels of 2 to 4 dS/m. However, Boro rice is already well established by that time and can tolerate greater levels. We conclude that there is considerable scope to expand irrigated crop production without negatively exposing the cropland and rivers to detrimental salinization levels while preserving the ecosystem services of the rivers.

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“…Coastal rice farming, in particular, was predicted to be seriously affected by sea-level rise and subsequent saline water intrusion and inundation [61]. Water management is a critical and complex issue for coastal and delta agriculture, and it is assumed that this issue will be further exacerbated by sea-level rise [68]. Rice is the main crop in coastal districts and supplies 21% of the national domestic rice production [18].…”

Section: Sea Level Rise and Salinisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Adaptations for Resilient Rice Production under Changing Environments in Bangladesh

Jamal

Kristiansen

Kabir

et al. 2023

Land

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Rice-based food production is crucial for food security, socio-political stability, and economic development in Bangladesh. However, climate and environmental changes pose serious challenges to sustainable rice production in the country. This review paper critically reviews the status, challenges, and adaptation opportunities of Bangladeshi rice systems in changing environmental, demographic, and socio-economic settings. A mixed-methods approach (quantitative summary of secondary data on rice production, environmental changes, impact on rice productivity; and qualitative thematic synthesis) was used to review adaptation for resilient rice production. Significant agronomic and environmental challenges to rice-based cropping in Bangladesh are posed by rising temperatures, anomalous rainfall patterns, extreme weather, and increasing salinisation. Rice production, availability, and access have been further compromised by decreasing arable areas, labour shortages, crop diversification, and low profitability. Farmers are adapting through autonomous and centrally planned strategies such as efficient irrigation and input use, stress-tolerant cultivars, mechanisation, and income diversification. However, profitable and sustainable adaptation requires broader facilitation by the government (e.g., infrastructure, financial incentives) and agribusiness (e.g., extension services, contracting). This review paper recommends research and development support for efficient irrigation management and stress-tolerant cultivars, enabling policy initiatives, and equitable value chain participation. The insights of the review can be applied to policymakers to target policy design and decision-making for a sustainable rice system in years to come.

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Assessment of Physio-Chemical Properties of Ground Water in the South Western Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Can crop production intensification through irrigation be sustainable? An ex-ante impact study of the south-central coastal zone of Bangladesh

Can crop production intensification through irrigation be sustainable? An ex-ante impact study of the south-central coastal zone of Bangladesh

Can crop production intensification through irrigation be sustainable? An ex-ante impact study of the coastal zone of Bangladesh

Challenges and Adaptations for Resilient Rice Production under Changing Environments in Bangladesh

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