Assessment of physiological adaptation of indigenous and crossbred cattle to hypoxic environment in Ethiopia

Wuletaw, Z.; Wurzinger, María; Holt, Timothy N.; Dessie, Tadelle; Sölkner, Johann

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.12.005

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These results confirmed that, in physiological conditions, the values of the red series were higher in the PI cows, which provides evidence of interbreed differences that could imply a better adaptation to altitude conditions than the PA dams, in line with a study by Bianca and Näf (). Blood parameters are considered important indicators for measuring the adaptation of animals to altitude, which induces hematopoiesis as an adaptive mechanism (Wuletaw et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of maternal subnutrition during early pregnancy on cow hematological profiles and offspring physiology and vitality in two beef breeds

Noya

Serrano-Pérez

Mata

et al. 2019

Animal Science Journal

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This experiment evaluated the effects of subnutrition during early gestation on hematology in cows (Bos Taurus) and on hematological, metabolic, endocrine, and vitality parameters in their calves. Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica dams were inseminated and assigned to either a control (CONTROL, 100% requirements) or a nutrient‐restricted group (SUBNUT, 65%) during the first third of gestation. Dam blood samples were collected on days 20 and 253 of gestation, and calf samples were obtained during the first days of life. Pirenaica dams presented higher red series parameters than Parda de Montaña dams, both in the first and the last months of gestation. During early pregnancy, granulocyte numbers and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were lower in Pirenaica‐SUBNUT than in Pirenaica‐CONTROL cows. Calves from the SUBNUT cows did not show a physiological reduction in red series values in early life, suggesting later maturation of the hematopoietic system. Poor maternal nutrition affected calf endocrine parameters. Newborns from dystocic parturitions showed lower NEFA concentrations and weaker vitality responses. In conclusion, maternal nutrition had short‐term effects on cow hematology, Pirenaica cows showing a higher susceptibility to undernutrition; and a long‐term effect on their offspring endocrinology, SUBNUT newborns showing lower levels of IGF‐1 and higher levels of cortisol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood parameters are considered important indicators for measuring the adaptation of animals to altitude, which induces hematopoiesis as an adaptive mechanism (Wuletaw et al, 2011).…”

Section: Hematological Parameters Of Dams In the Last Month Of Pregmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of maternal subnutrition during early pregnancy on cow hematological profiles and offspring physiology and vitality in two beef breeds

Noya

Serrano-Pérez

Mata

et al. 2019

Animal Science Journal

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“…Under hypoxic conditions, the EPAS1 transcription factor is released leading to angiogenesis and erythropoiesis (Tissot van Patot and Gassmann, 2011); consequently, the greater mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle with the EPAS1 gain of function mutation (Newman et al, 2015) may have been attributable to a greater hematocrit, or viscous resistance to blood flow. Genetic selection for low hematocrits is not unique to the Rocky Mountain region: a study of native Ethiopian cattle reported mean hematocrits of just 29% and 34% at altitudes ranging from 550 m to 3,500 m, respectively (Wuletaw et al, 2011). It appears, therefore, that the lack of an erythrocytic response may be a survival adaptation in a species predisposed to hypoxiainduced pulmonary hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angus calves born and raised at high altitude adapt to hypobaric hypoxia by increasing alveolar ventilation rate but not hematocrit1

Gulick

Garry

Holt

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of altitude on arterial blood-gases and hematocrit in Angus-based calves. It was hypothesized that alveolar ventilation rate, as indicated by arterial pCO, would increase with altitude but hematocrit would not. Five Angus-based herds ( = 30 to 80 per cohort) located at 105 m, 1,470 m, 2,010 m, 2,170 m, and 2,730 m above sea level were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. A portable analyzer measured blood-gas tensions in coccygeal arterial blood. Calves at 1,470 m, 2,170 m, and 2,730 m were sampled twice, at approximately 4 mo and 7 mo of age. Calves at 105 m and 2,010 m were sampled once, at 7 or 4 mo of age, respectively. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the fixed effect of herd (a proxy for altitude) on the 4 outcome variables pCO, pO, pH, and hematocrit, while controlling for age and sex. As hypothesized, alveolar ventilation rate increased with altitude ( < 0.001). Hematocrit, however, did not show a clear association with altitude except for an increase from 105 m to ≥ 1,470 m ( < 0.001). Arterial pO decreased significantly with increasing altitude in calves at 4 mo and 7 mo of age ( < 0.001). The adjusted mean values of the 4 variables studied were similar at 4 and 7 mo of age for all of the herds studied. This indicates that suckling calves show minimal respiratory or erythrocytic adaptation to hypoxemia and hypocapnia with increasing age, regardless of altitude. We propose that the lack of an erythrocytic response in hypoxemic calves born and raised at high altitude prevents a deleterious increase in viscous resistance and, consequently, pulmonary arterial pressure. This physiological response, or lack thereof, may be a survival adaptation in a species predisposed to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

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“…Finally, interleukin 21 signaling has a critical role in promoting the lung inflammatory response to acute pneumovirus infection (Spolski et al, 2012). Adaptation to altitude has received attention in humans (see Cheviron and Brumfield, 2012 for a review), and physiological differences caused by altitude have been studied in cattle (Wuletaw et al, 2011). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of indirect evidence of genetic adaptation to altitude in livestock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine colonization of the Americas: a 60k SNP story

et al. 2012

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The pig, Sus scrofa, is a foreign species to the American continent. Although pigs originally introduced in the Americas should be related to those from the Iberian Peninsula and Canary islands, the phylogeny of current creole pigs that now populate the continent is likely to be very complex. Because of the extreme climates that America harbors, these populations also provide a unique example of a fast evolutionary phenomenon of adaptation. Here, we provide a genome wide study of these issues by genotyping, with a 60k SNP chip, 206 village pigs sampled across 14 countries and 183 pigs from outgroup breeds that are potential founders of the American populations, including wild boar, Iberian, international and Chinese breeds. Results show that American village pigs are primarily of European ancestry, although the observed genetic landscape is that of a complex conglomerate. There was no correlation between genetic and geographical distances, neither continent wide nor when analyzing specific areas. Most populations showed a clear admixed structure where the Iberian pig was not necessarily the main component, illustrating how international breeds, but also Chinese pigs, have contributed to extant genetic composition of American village pigs. We also observe that many genes related to the cardiovascular system show an increased differentiation between altiplano and genetically related pigs living near sea level.

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Assessment of physiological adaptation of indigenous and crossbred cattle to hypoxic environment in Ethiopia

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of maternal subnutrition during early pregnancy on cow hematological profiles and offspring physiology and vitality in two beef breeds

Effects of maternal subnutrition during early pregnancy on cow hematological profiles and offspring physiology and vitality in two beef breeds

Angus calves born and raised at high altitude adapt to hypobaric hypoxia by increasing alveolar ventilation rate but not hematocrit1

Porcine colonization of the Americas: a 60k SNP story

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