Assessment of phytotoxicity of leachates from landfilled waste and dust from foundry

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

Król

Mizerna

2020

The study evaluated the use of Lepidium sativum L. to assess the phytotoxicity of three types of waste such as hazardous waste (slags from zinc to copper smelters) and nonhazardous waste (mineral–organic composite). Previous studies evaluated heavy metal leaching and the environmental impact of the tested waste. The purpose of phytotoxicity studies was to increase knowledge about this waste. Two types of tests were used to assess the phytotoxicity of wastes: germination index and accumulation test. Both tests were carried out for leachate (leachate test) and waste (contact test). The results of both tests were compared to assess the phytotoxic effects of tested waste. Phytotoxicity tests have shown that the mineral–organic composite leachate was stimulated plant growth, copper smelter slag leachate was characterized by no phytotoxicity and zinc slag leachate inhibited the growth of plants. In contrast, contact test showed inhibitory effects from all tested waste. Wherefore, the contact test was indicated as more sensitive in the assessment of phytotoxicity. However, this is not a clear assessment, because the germination index values for both tests were a result of differences of root length for both control samples (deionized water and sand). The study confirmed the usefulness of L. sativum for the assessment of phytotoxicity of various types of waste. Additionally, it was found that L. sativum was resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate, without causing any negative physiological effects.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenol and formaldehyde may be present in industrial waste, but mainly in foundry waste (Bożym 2020, Dungan et al 2006Siddique et al 2010). These compounds are toxic to biota.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leachate and contact test with Lepidium sativum L. to assess the phytotoxicity of waste

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

Król

Mizerna

2020

“…The largest type of foundry waste by mass is spent foundry sands (SFS), approx. 90% by weight (Bożym 2019(Bożym , 2020. Many foundries regenerate SFS and re-use it for the production of castings, which reduces the consumption of raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many foundries regenerate SFS and re-use it for the production of castings, which reduces the consumption of raw materials. The demand for SFS is currently considerable, so it is pro table to recover waste that is land lled (Bożym 2019(Bożym , 2020. SFS may be use as road aggregate, in the construction industry, and as a soil substitute in horticulture and agriculture (Fahnline 1995 Bożym 2017Bożym , 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The place of collecting dust samples affects its physical and chemical properties. For example, electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is classi ed as hazardous waste because it may contain signi cant amounts of heavy metals (Strobos and Friend 2004;Salihoglu et al 2008;Mymrin et al 2016;Bożym 2020). The preferred management of foundry dust is to reuse it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of the Direct Test on Substrate in the Assessment of Phytotoxicity of Foundry Waste

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

The article presents the results of phytotoxicity tests on foundry dust and landfilled waste. Currently, all of this waste is being reused. The results supplement the previous study on the phytotoxicity of waste leachate. The research has focused on phytotoxicity tests performed directly on the waste. Watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) was used as the test plant. The germination test (GI) and the accumulation test were used to assess phytotoxicity. The results show that the dust from electric furnaces, classified as hazardous waste, was the most phytotoxic. Most of the dust samples inhibited germination and root growth. A possible cause of this phytotoxicity was the high content of heavy metals and low pH. The phytotoxicity were different from previous studies on waste leachate. A lower phytotoxicity effect was found for those waste leachates. The differences could have been caused by the higher concentration of toxic substances available to plants in the direct test. Moreover, the direct contact of sprouts and roots of L. sativum could have contributed to the higher phytotoxicity of the wastes than the leachate. Therefore, it seems appropriate to use both tests simultaneously to assess the phytotoxicity of waste.

Assessment of Phytotoxicity of Landfilled Waste and Foundry Dust Based on The Direct Test

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

2022

Self Cite

The article presents the results of phytotoxicity tests on foundry dust and landfilled waste. Currently, all this waste is being reused. The research has focused on phytotoxicity tests performed directly on the waste. Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) was used as the test plant. The germination test (GI) and the accumulation test were used to assess phytotoxicity. All dust types were highly phytotoxic to L. sativum L. in the direct test. The reason for this effect could be the low pH, the high level of heavy metals (HM), and probably the presence of organic pollutants (phenol, formaldehyde). The most phytotoxic was electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), classified as hazardous waste due to the high content of HM. The landfilled foundry waste (LFW) was characterised by moderate phytotoxicity in the direct test. The study confirmed the usefulness of the direct test in the phytotoxicity assessment of foundry waste with L. sativum L.