Assessment of Plastic Stocks and Flows in China: 1978-2017

Jiang, Xiaobin; Tao, Wang; Jiang, Meng; Xu, Min; Yu, Yadong; Guo, Baohua; Chen, Dingjiang; Hu, Shanying; Jiang, Jin; Zhang, Yupeng; Zhu, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104969

Cited by 85 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus, the author proposed several policy interventions [39]. Similar findings were presented in another study [40]. Furthermore, the literature shows an interest in quantifying the current and future waste flows.…”

Section: Industrial Ecology and Urban Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 56%

Mining the Built Environment: Telling the Story of Urban Mining

Fahid

Dombi

2021

Buildings

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Materials are continuously accumulating in the human-built environment since massive amounts of materials are required for building, developing, and maintaining cities. At the end of their life cycles, these materials are considered valuable sources of secondary materials. The increasing construction and demolition waste released from aging stock each year make up the heaviest, most voluminous waste outflow, presenting challenges and opportunities. These material stocks should be utilized and exploited since the reuse and recycling of construction materials would positively impact the natural environment and resource efficiency, leading to sustainable cities within a grander scheme of a circular economy. The exploitation of material stock is known as urban mining. In order to make these materials accessible for future mining, material quantities need to be estimated and extrapolated to regional levels. This demanding task requires a vast knowledge of the existing building stock, which can only be obtained through labor-intensive, time-consuming methodologies or new technologies, such as building information modeling (BIM), geographic information systems (GISs), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning. This review paper gives a general overview of the literature body and tracks the evolution of this research field.

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Section: Industrial Ecology and Urban Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 56%

Mining the Built Environment: Telling the Story of Urban Mining

Fahid

Dombi

2021

Buildings

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“…We derived this average yield factor by calculating input-output-ratios of plastic feedstocks to plastic raw products by combining process efficiencies from steam cracking and polymerization processes [77] and weighted these by 2015 global production shares of plastics raw products [47] . Thereafter, we combined this dataset with several time series from UNICPS and some additional data on national plastics production [ 2 , 39 , 64 , 99 , 100 , 106 , 111 ].…”

Section: Detailed Documentation For Each Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compilation of an economy-wide material flow database for 14 stock-building materials in 177 countries from 1900 to 2016

Plank¹,

Streeck²,

Virág³

et al. 2022

MethodsX

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“…This is a key advance but usually requires considerable resources. , The MFA has been used to study many different types of materials to provide a basis for decision making, improve the circularity of economy, and determine the challenges and opportunities for designing environmentally beneficial materials and processes . Aside from several studies that analyzed the flows of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) , and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), most early MFAs of plastics considered them as a single class of materials without distinguishing individual polymers. − Since 2018, several studies have addressed more polymers including linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. − However, for polyurethane, only Heller and colleagues provide a material flow analysis in the United States, which merely includes the quantity of total U.S. production and its share in the end-use markets. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first high-resolution and complete analysis of polyurethane material flows in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Flows of Polyurethane in the United States

Liang

Gracida-Alvarez

Gallant

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Today, polyurethanes are effectively not recycled and are made principally from nonrenewable, fossil-fuel-derived resources. This study provides the first high-resolution material flow analysis of polyurethane flows through the U.S. economy, tracking back to fossil fuels and covering polyurethane-relevant raw materials, trade, production, manufacturing, uses, historical stocks, and waste management. According to our analysis, in 2016, 2900 thousand tonnes (kt) of polyurethane were produced in the United States and 920 kt were imported for consumption, 2000 kt entered the postconsumer waste streams, and 390 kt were recycled and returned to the market in the form of carpet underlayment. The domestic production of polyurethane consumed 1100 kt of crude oil and 1100 kt of natural gas. With the developed polyurethane flow map, we point out the limitation of the existing mechanical recycling methods and identify that glycolysis, a chemical recycling method, can be used to recycle the main components of postconsumer polyurethane waste. We also explore how targeting biobased pathways could influence the supply chain and downstream markets of polyurethane and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and the exposure to toxic precursors in polyurethane production.

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Assessment of Plastic Stocks and Flows in China: 1978-2017

Cited by 85 publications

References 25 publications

Mining the Built Environment: Telling the Story of Urban Mining

Mining the Built Environment: Telling the Story of Urban Mining

Compilation of an economy-wide material flow database for 14 stock-building materials in 177 countries from 1900 to 2016

Material Flows of Polyurethane in the United States

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