Assessment of Polyester Fabrics, Effluents and Filtrates after Standard and Innovative Washing Processes

Pušić, Tanja; Vojnović, Branka; Čurlin, Mirjana; Bekavac, Ivica; Kaurin, Tea; Grgić, Katia; Šimić, Kristina; Kovačević, Zorana

doi:10.3390/microplastics1030035

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…The methods used to take samples for analysing MPs in wastewater from the washing process differ depending on whether they are used to analyse commercial washing machines or laboratory washing machines. In laboratory devices for washing simulation, metal cuvettes are used, the contents of which are then transferred to glass bottles (separately for each washing process [65] or assembled [98]). The MP particles themselves are then isolated by filtration with a glass fibre filter [99] or a PVDF filter [49].…”

Section: Laundry Effluents Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches for Sampling and Sample Preparation for Microplastic Analysis in Laundry Effluents

Vojnović,

Mihovilović,

Dimitrov

2024

Sustainability

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The continuous growth in the production, unsustainable use, and disposal of plastics in recent decades has led to the emergence of a new type of pollutant, microplastics (MPs). In this article, the focus is on the form of MPs, which are produced by the fragmentation of textile fibres during washing processes. The problems associated with the characterisation and quantification of MPs in this type of sample are related to the wide range of concentrations, forms, and degree of degradation as well as physico-chemical and biological properties. Although the basic principles for the analysis of microplastics present in the environmental samples are known, there is the lack of standardised methods for the analysis of MPs in laundry effluents and domestic washing. Therefore, the continuous development of sophisticated analytical techniques and methodologies is required for the reliable collection and isolation, quantification, and characterisation of one of the most challenging analytes. The aim of this review is to outline the key steps of MPs analysis in laundry effluents and domestic washing, focusing on those steps that are underestimated in the current literature: sampling and sample preparation for analysis. Precisely these analytical steps, which can become the main source of analytical measurement system errors, ensure the quality of the analysis. This paper emphasises the importance of monitoring background contamination and presents guidelines to ensure quality control specifically for this type of analyte.

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Section: Laundry Effluents Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches for Sampling and Sample Preparation for Microplastic Analysis in Laundry Effluents

Vojnović,

Mihovilović,

Dimitrov

2024

Sustainability

Self Cite

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Aging and Modified Washing Process for Polyester Fabrics—Environmental Impact

Šaravanja,

Pušić,

Volmajer Valh

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Aging and washing factors have a direct influence on changing the properties of textile products, e.g., causing a release of textile fragments in the washing process. In this study, polyester fabrics were exposed to artificial aging under controlled conditions. Using a modified washing process, polyester fabrics were subjected to 10 washing cycles before and after the aging process. To monitor the influence of aging and the modified washing process on the polyester fabrics, the physical, structural and morphological properties of the fabrics and the composition of the collected wastewater were analyzed. The results indicate a slight degradation and increased defragmentation of the polyester fabric due to the processes used. Aging caused the phenomenon of “annealing”, photo-oxidative degradation, and the local thickening of the individual fibers. Aging and washing processes influence the change in tensile strength properties. An analysis of zeta potential and BET results confirmed that the aging process results in surface modifications that depend on the time of exposure. The physico-chemical characterization and microscopic analysis of the wastewater revealed various fragments and short, detached fibrils. The results confirmed that both aging and washing significantly affect the properties of polyester fabrics and the composition of the wastewater resulting from the washing process. The relevance of this research to environmental matters is emphasized through the parameters chosen, which reveal the influence of aging on polyester fabric characteristics and the contamination detected in wash wastewater. In conclusion, several avenues for future research have been identified, including lowering washing temperatures, choosing more appropriate detergents, and adjusting standard washing protocols.

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Assessment of Polyester Fabrics, Effluents and Filtrates after Standard and Innovative Washing Processes

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Approaches for Sampling and Sample Preparation for Microplastic Analysis in Laundry Effluents

Approaches for Sampling and Sample Preparation for Microplastic Analysis in Laundry Effluents

Aging and Modified Washing Process for Polyester Fabrics—Environmental Impact

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