Assessment of potability of spring water and its health implication in a hilly village of Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Water quality assessment of different sources of water in a village was carried out by taking selected significant parameters, namely temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (free CO 2 ), alkalinity, hardness, calcium, phosphate, nitrate, chloride and coliform count. All these parameters were analyzed as per the standard protocol of American Public Health Association. Further, seven parameters (pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, nitrates and chloride) were used to calculate water quality index for assessing overall drinking water status of sampling sites. A survey of health status of population of the village was also conducted with the help of questionnaire and interview method to draw the relationship of water quality and health. All selected physicochemical parameters were found under prescribed limits as stated by Indian Standard 10500 and Central Pollution Control Board guidelines. The values for most probable number count were found above the permissible limit of drinking water indicating contamination of coliform at all sites. Further, water quality index for SN1, SN2, SN3, SN4 and SN5 was 17.61, 30.11, 69.73, 25.60 and 47.15, respectively. As per the water quality index, the water samples of natural springs which were away from village were classified under 'excellent' category as compared to supply water samples. The result of survey recorded 38% population suffered from dysentery, 23% from diarrhea and 17% from typhoid. The report of the survey and the presence of coliform suggest that drinking water contamination is leading to waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery and typhoid. It is also suggested that water quality of all sites except SN3 was suitable for drinking purpose, but disinfection of coliform before use is warranted.

Evaluation of spring water quality using water quality index method for Bageshwar District, Uttarakhand, India

“…The pH values from all the spring sites were within the desirable limits except from the spring-BS 1 , BS 4 and BS 7 (6.93, 6.93 and 6.71, respectively), which were recorded slightly acidic during winter. Bhat et al (2010), Chauhan et al (2020) and Kumar et al (1997) discovered the acidic composition of water samples while researching natural springs in Kashmir, Pauri (Uttarakhand) and Almora (Uttarakhand), respectively. The highest value of pH was measured in summer at the spring-BS 7 8.38 (Table 5).…”

Socio-economic impact on the availability of basic amenities: a comparative analysis of villages of hilly states, India

“…Kumar (2015) stated that Himachal Pradesh has rich diversity and cultural heritage of conserving natural resources. The administration plays a reasonable role in preserving natural MEQ 34,1 resources, and various water harvesting techniques such as ponds, springs, dug-wells, etc., are practiced, depending upon site location (Chauhan et al, 2020a). While rural households in India have gradually improved access to basic amenities in proportional terms, high level of disparities is seen among different states.…”

Prediction of Groundwater Quality Index in the Selected Divisions of Srikakulam Using Artificial Neural Networks Approach

“…In order to assess the true status of the quality of the water resources, the WQI technique can be used [13]. The water quality evaluation for numerous uses, such as drinking, washing, and bathing, is carried out by the water quality indexes based on the BIS standards [14][15]. Weights for various drinking water quality parameters are presumed to be inversely proportional to the standards for the relevant parameters [7].…”

“…Weights for various drinking water quality parameters are presumed to be inversely proportional to the standards for the relevant parameters [7]. Weighted index method of WQI proposed by Brown [16][17] has been applied to evaluate the water quality status of groundwater [7,[15][16][17]. Out of total analyzed physicochemical parameters, including EC, pH, TDS, TH, Ca (II), Mg (II), Cl -, F -, NO2and TA were used to calculate the WQI of groundwater in the PLKD [7], and VGT divisions.…”