Assessment of pregnancy in the late-gestation mare using digital infrared thermography

Bowers, S.; Gandy, Scott; Anderson, Britta L.; Ryan, Peter L.; Willard, Scott T.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.03.005

Cited by 53 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As expected, the effect of ambient temperature on infrared thermal measurements of a silo face was strong, as evidenced by the correlation (r = 0.54; P < 0.01) between AT and ET. Bowers et al (2009) reported a strong correlation (r = 0.92) between ambient temperature and the temperature of object surfaces measured using IRT. At a controlled room temperature (25 ± 1°C), the air-exposed silage temperatures measured by IRT were weakly correlated (r = 0.04) with room temperature (Junges, 2010).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 93%

Concentration of mycotoxins and chemical composition of corn silage: A farm survey using infrared thermography

Schmidt

Novinski

Junges

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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This work evaluated the chemical composition and mycotoxin incidence in corn silage from 5 Brazilian dairy-producing regions: Castro, in central-eastern Paraná State (n=32); Toledo, in southwestern Paraná (n=20); southeastern Goiás (n=14); southern Minas Gerais (n=23); and western Santa Catarina (n=20). On each dairy farm, an infrared thermography camera was used to identify 3 sampling sites that exhibited the highest temperature, a moderate temperature, and the lowest temperature on the silo face, and 1 sample was collected from each site. The chemical composition and concentrations of mycotoxins were evaluated, including the levels of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2; zearalenone; ochratoxin A; deoxynivalenol; and fumonisins B1 and B2. The corn silage showed a highly variable chemical composition, containing, on average, 7.1±1.1%, 52.5±5.4%, and 65.2±3.6% crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients, respectively. Mycotoxins were found in more than 91% of the samples, with zearalenone being the most prevalent (72.8%). All samples from the Castro region contained zearalenone at a high average concentration (334±374µg/kg), even in well-preserved silage. The incidence of aflatoxin B1 was low (0.92%). Silage temperature and the presence of mycotoxins were not correlated; similarly, differences were not observed in the concentration or incidence of mycotoxins across silage locations with different temperatures. Infrared thermography is an accurate tool for identifying heat sites, but temperature cannot be used to predict the chemical composition or the incidence of mycotoxins that have been analyzed, within the silage. The pre-harvest phase of the ensiling process is most likely the main source of mycotoxins in silage.

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Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 93%

Concentration of mycotoxins and chemical composition of corn silage: A farm survey using infrared thermography

Schmidt

Novinski

Junges

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…IRT is widely used to identify localized areas of inflammation, such as mastitis in lactating cows [17-19], foot and mouth disease [20], assessment of tissue damage and healing due to hot versus cold branding in cattle [21], Laminitis [7,8], detection of bovine viral diarrhea in calves [22], monitoring respiratory disorders [23], Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs [24], detection of estrus and prediction of ovulation in cattle and gilts [5,6,25,26], to assess the effect of scrotal temperature on sperm production in bulls [27-29], assessing meat quality in pigs [30], for identification of stress [31], measurement of feather cover [32], effects of machine milking on teat and udder [33], surface temperature, estimation of heat and methane production in dairy cattle [34], screening of cattle for feed utilization efficiency [9,35], pregnancy diagnosis in mare and wild animals [36,37], evaluation of thermal status of neonatal pigs [38], monitoring stress during animal transit and welfare in wild animals [39], assessment of surface temperature of buffaloe bulls and its correlation with rectal temperature [40] and for the evaluation of thermoregulatory capacity of dairy buffaloes [41]. …”

Section: Application Of Irt In Veterinary Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermography: A potential noninvasive tool to monitor udder health status in dairy cows

Sathiyabarathi¹,

Jeyakumar²,

Manimaran³

et al. 2016

Vet World

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The animal husbandry and livestock sectors play a major role in the rural economy, especially for the small and marginal farmers. India has the largest livestock population in the world and ranks first in the milk production. Mastitis is the most common and expensive infectious disease in dairy cattle. The global economic losses per year due to mastitis amounts to USD 35 billion and for Indian dairy industry ₹6000 crores per year. Early detection of mastitis is very important to reduce the economic loss to the dairy farmers and dairy industry. Automated methods for early and reliable detection of mastitis are currently in focus under precision dairying. Skin surface temperature is an important indicator for the diagnosis of cow’s illnesses and for the estimation of their physiological status. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a simple, effective, on-site, and noninvasive method that detects surface heat, which is emitted as infrared radiation and generates pictorial images without causing radiation exposure. In human and bovine medicine, IRT is used as a diagnostic tool for assessment of normal and physiological status.

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“…Skin temperature registered by infrared cameras is also affected by the thickness of subcutaneous fat which insulates the body against heat loss. Skin contamination, skin cuts, moisture (Kastelic et al 1996;Kunc et al 2007;Hilsberg-Merz 2008;Bowers et al 2009) and color of the coat (Hellebrand et al 2003;McCafferty 2007) also influence the accuracy of thermographic results. If possible, the skin should be cleaned and left to dry before measurement to eliminate possible errors.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A healthy organism is characterized by a balanced distribution of temperature between different parts of the body. The same anatomical parts can be compared to identify warmer spots, and the causes of thermal deregulation can be determined based on our knowledge of a given species (Bowers et al 2009). In veterinary diagnostics of farm and wild animals, thermal imaging is used to determine the causes of lameness, injuries, and inflammations of the locomotor system; to diagnose infectious diseases, estrus, and pregnancy; and to control animal welfare and stress levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

et al. 2012

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Thermography is an imaging method which registers infrared waves in the electromagnetic spectrum that are emitted by all objects on the Earth. The state and properties of the studied objects and organisms can be evaluated by analyzing images of temperature distribution on their surface. Thermography has numerous practical applications, including in construction, industry, and the military and civil services. In natural sciences, thermal imaging techniques support safe and non-invasive measurements and the acquisition of results that cannot be obtained by any other method. Infrared thermography also creates a wide range of applications for human and veterinary medicine, ecology, zoology, and other natural sciences. Thermal imaging equipment is used to detect injuries, inflammations, and infectious diseases to control reproduction (detection of estrus and pregnancy, determination of male fertility) and lactation processes. The discussed method is applied to investigate thermoregulation in animals, to analyze the effect of environmental factors on animal behavior, to localize individuals and their habitats, and to determine the size of wildlife populations. Despite a wide range of practical applications, thermal imaging has a number of limitations which should be taken into account in studies that rely on infrared thermography techniques.

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Assessment of pregnancy in the late-gestation mare using digital infrared thermography

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Concentration of mycotoxins and chemical composition of corn silage: A farm survey using infrared thermography

Concentration of mycotoxins and chemical composition of corn silage: A farm survey using infrared thermography

Infrared thermography: A potential noninvasive tool to monitor udder health status in dairy cows

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

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