Assessment of Pressure Vessel Steel Irradiation Embrittlement Up to 40 Years Using Local Approach to Fracture Modelling: Application to the French Surveillance Program

Abstract

For western pressure vessel reactors, assessment of pressure vessel steels irradiation embrittlement due to neutron irradiation is based on a semi-empirical formulae which predicts the shift of a reference lower bound fracture toughness curve as a function of fluence and embrittlement-involved chemical elements. Periodically, in order to monitor the embrittlement of each RPV, the predictions of the formulae is confronted to experimental results obtained from Charpy specimens located in surveillance capsules irradiated with a higher fluence level than the pressure vessel itself. Historically only the shift of the temperature index defined for a given level of energy, e.g. 56J in the French surveillance program, is used. In support to the French surveillance program methodology, for some of the French RPVs, physical models of fracture (for both cleavage and ductile fracture) are used to analyse in details the whole experimental basis available at different levels of fluence. This study presents the methodology developed in order to analyse the experimental results of a RPV steel from the french surveillance program, including Charpy and fracture toughness tests at different levels of fluence i.e. of embrittlement. The methodology applied aims to use the numerous Charpy tests results available in order to assess, at the same fluence levels, the fracture toughness embrittlement. The results are then compared to available fracture toughness results for a given level of embrittlement.

Warm PreStress effect on highly irradiated reactor pressure vessel steel

“…Effect of irradiation on the tensile behavior is considered following the work proposed in [41,42] where irradiation is considered as (i) an increase of the yield stress, (ii) a decrease of the strain hardening rate. Two terms were introduced, Dr i Y and Dp i , the increase of yield stress and an equivalent plastic strain increment due to irradiation, respectively.…”

Numerical prediction of the effect of irradiation on the Charpy Upper Shelf Energy of Reactor Pressure Vessel steels

“…Early studies [37,38] combined Beremin-like model to predict brittle fracture and GTN-like ductile model for stable crack growth in order to predict the shift of ductile brittle transition curves with irradiation. These studies were later refined in [39,40] to predict (∆T XJ , ∆USE).…”