Assessment of primary immunization coverage in children between 12 to 23 months in Bhadravathi taluk, Shimoga

Background: The under-5 mortality rate in India has shown a decline in the last few decades. However, there is still a lot of work to be done for our country to achieve sustainable developmental goals. One of the factors contributing to child survival is immunization coverage, but high coverage does not mean timely vaccination. ‘On time’ immunization is an important yet little researched factor shielding a child from susceptibility to vaccine preventable diseases. This study aims at assessing the extent of timely immunization and predictors of intentional delay in vaccination of children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in East Delhi among caregivers having a child in the age group of 13-24 months. Sample size was calculated at 95% confidence limit and 3.5% absolute precision. The final sample size obtained was 350.Results: The percentage of fully and timely vaccinated children is 67.1%, whereas children fully vaccinated but with a delay of 4 weeks from the recommended age of administration is 19.7%. Partial vaccination was found in 11.2% of children and 2% of children were found to be not vaccinated. The most common reason for delay in immunization was pain at the time of administration leading baby cries and fear of needles (26.1%), followed by bad experience with previous vaccination (11.6%). Fear of side effects (14.5%) and being denied vaccination without card (11.6%) were other reasons.Conclusions: The immunization program should include timely completion of vaccination as a quality indicator. Delayed immunization can lead to epidemics in the community and threaten the goal of elimination of vaccine preventable diseases. Improving timeliness can be successfully achieved if the reasons for delay are taken into account.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of timely immunization in an urbanized agglomeration of East Delhi, India

Cherian

Saini

Sharma

2019

“…Kadri et al in their study observed that coverage was about only 47.8%, whereas study by Odomani et al found coverage to be about 86.2%. 9,16 The present study also had an important element of assessing age-appropriate primary immunization coverage of individual vaccine antigens. Based on the nationally recommended schedule, -timeliness of vaccination‖ was calculated based on data from those with MCP card and could represent those children only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Odomani et al also observed in their study that most frequently reported reason for non-vaccination in both rural (38.46%) and urban areas (33.33%) was unawareness for the need of immunization. 16 About 15.38% of rural and 27.78% of urban mothers were unaware of the need to return for the 2 nd or 3 rd doses. Other reasons were the family problems including illness of the mother (12.9%), illness of the child (9.67%) and fear of side effects (16.13%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of primary immunization coverage among children in a rural block of district Rohtak, Haryana, India

Goyal

Kumar

Garg

2017

Background: Vaccination is the most important preventive and cost-effective intervention to decrease morbidity and mortality rates in children. Every year, vaccination averts an estimated 2-3 million deaths from diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. These are all life threatening diseases that disproportionately affect children. An estimated 1.5 million children die annually from diseases that can be prevented by immunization. In the past 50 years, vaccination has saved more lives worldwide than any other medical products or procedures. The objectives of the study were to evaluate primary immunization coverage along with 1st dose of Vitamin-A supplementation coverage, age-appropriate immunization and also to know the reasons for partial or non-immunization among children.Methods: Community-based cross sectional study was conducted among 540 children in the rural area of Rohtak, Haryana during June 2015-May 2016. Information was collected from the mothers regarding immunization status of their children aged 12-23 months old and socio-demographic variables using a semi-structured interview schedule.Results: 395 (73.15%) of 12-23 months old children were fully immunized and the rest 145 (26.85%) were partially immunized. The major reason for drop-out rate was found to be unawareness regarding need for immunization. Immunization coverage was found to be significantly associated with the presence of immunization card and literacy level of mothers.Conclusions: Though the immunization coverage showed improvement through intensive immunization campaigns in recent years, still a lot needs to be done to increase awareness regarding importance of full immunization at the right time as mentioned in the National Immunization schedule (NIS).

“…In addition to DPT and Hepatitis B vaccine, Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) vaccine is a new addition, all these given together called Pentavalent. 6 Primary immunisation is most essential in preventing the morbidity and mortality due to VPDs. Fully immunized child is one who has received all the vaccines recommended in the National immunization schedule by one year of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of immunization status among under five children in a census town of South India

Basti

Rajegowda

Varaprasad

et al. 2019

Background: Deaths among children of less than five years are preventable, mostly by vaccination. In India, the coverage still remains low, as low as 44% children between 12 to 23 months age are fully immunized. This study was intended to assess the immunization status of the children between the age group of 12-60 months, and study the possible socio demographic factors influencing it.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 wards of a census town, selected by Multi-stage simple random sampling, for a period of 4 months among 400 children. Data was collected from the mothers of these children, using structured questionnaire.Results: Immunization status among these children showed that 32.5% were fully immunized, 52.0% were immunisation update, 14% were partially immunized, and 0.5% was not immunized. Immunization status was highest for BCG and OPV-0 (99%) and least for Measles 2nd dose and DPT booster (52%). Inadequate knowledge about immunization was the most common reason for partial and un-immunization. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, factors like religion (Hindus had 2.843 odds of being partially immunised than other religions), availability of Immunization card (Those without Immunisation card had 2.025 odds of being partially immunised than those with immunisation card) and place of immunization (Those immunised at private facilities had 1.441 odds of being partially immunised than those at government facilities), were found to be significantly associated with the immunization status of the child.Conclusions: Government facilities remain the main pillars of immunisation. Coordination with Anganwadi centres is the key. Tracking of the child for subsequent doses of immunisation remains a challenge.