“…Affected by factors such as environment and construction quality, ceramic claddings may experience hollowing, detachment, and even cause casualties after serving for a period, which poses a significant threat to urban public safety [2,3,5]. The main goal of building maintenance is to maintain the original functionality, structural integrity, and aesthetic conditions of the building, which is the key to long-term development [1]. Timely maintenance of building exterior walls could prevent casualties and economic losses [8].…”