Assessment of red blood cell deformability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy by dual optical tweezers stretching technique

Agrawal, Rupesh; Smart, Thomas; Cardoso, João; Richards, Christopher J.; Bhatnagar, Rhythm; Tufail, Adnan; Shima, David T.; Jones, Phil; Pavésio, Carlos

doi:10.1038/srep15873

Cited by 170 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…21 The results in the study were in agreement with study by Agrawal R on RBCs deformability and related indices in T2DM. 22 The present study also showed increased WBCs counts among diabetics and no significant difference was observed in platelet count. Ohshita K et al, in their study showed association between Peripheral WBCs count and insulin resistance, T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Haematological profile of diabetes and non-diabetes patients in rural tertiary centre

2017

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Background: Anemia is a common haematological finding in diabetic patients. Many research studies have reported that anemia mostly occurs in patients with diabetes who also have renal insufficiency. A few other studies have also reported an incidence of anemia in diabetics prior to evidence of renal impairment. Anemia occurs earlier and at a greater degree in patients presenting with diabetic nephropathy than those presenting with other causes of renal failure. The objective of this study is to determine the haematological profile among type 2 Diabetes mellitus in comparison with non-diabetic controls.Methods: Hospital based case control study was conducted in a rural tertiary care centre for a period of 1 year (May 2016 to April 2017) among type 2 diabetic patients and equal proportion of controls without diabetes. 70 diabetics and non-diabetics as controlled were enrolled for the study. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from subjects. For laboratory investigation 5 ml of blood was drawn from the patient and analysed in the automated cell counter for haematological parameters. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 version, Chi-square test and independent t test was the test of significance for qualitative and quantitative data respectively. P value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Mean age of diabetics was 55.7±3.6 years and non-diabetics was 56.2±3.5 years. Majority of subjects in both the groups were females. In diabetics mean haemoglobin, RBCs, PCV, and MCV was significantly lower than in non-diabetics. Whereas mean MCHC, WBCs and lymphocytes was significantly higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. No difference was observed for MCH, neutrophils and platelets between two groups. This shows that diabetics are prone for anemia, leucocytosis and lymphocytosis.Conclusions: Haematological profile in diabetes patients in deranged and diabetics are more prone for anemia, leucocytosis and lymphocytosis. Hence routine and regular screening for haematological profile is recommended in diabetic patients to initiate early prevention strategies and to reduce the morbidity related to it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Haematological profile of diabetes and non-diabetes patients in rural tertiary centre

2017

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“…The biophysical properties of blood, such as shearing viscosity, viscoelasticity, RBC aggregation, and RBC deformability, [1][2][3] could provide valuable information on the variations in hematological disorders or diseases. [4][5][6][7][8] Among them, RBC deformability plays an essential role in gas transport and flow regulation. 9 In other words, owing to its high flexibility, individual RBC can pass through extremely narrow-sized capillary or endothelial slits in the spleen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurement of erythrocyte deformability and blood viscoelasticity using micropillars and co-flowing streams under pulsatile blood flows

Kang

2017

Biomicrofluidics

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The biophysical properties of blood provide useful information on the variation in hematological disorders or diseases. In this study, a simultaneous measurement method of RBC (Red Blood Cell) deformability and blood viscoelasticity is proposed by evaluating hemodynamic variations through micropillars and coflowing streams under sinusoidal blood flow. A disposable microfluidic device is composed of two inlets and two outlets, two upper side channels, and two lower side channels connected to one bridge channel. First, to measure the RBC deformability, the left-lower side channel has a deformability assessment chamber (DAC) with narrow-sized micropillars. Second, to evaluate the blood viscoelasticity in co-flowing streams, a phosphate buffered saline solution is supplied at a constant flow rate. By closing or opening a pinch valve connected to the outlet of DAC, blood flows in forward or back-and-forth mode. A time-resolved micro-particle image velocimetry technique and a digital image processing technique are used to quantify the blood velocity and image intensity. Then, RBC deformability is evaluated by quantifying the blood volume passing through the DAC under forward flow, and quantifying the variations of blood velocity and image intensity in the DAC under back-and-forth flow. Using a discrete circuit model, blood viscoelasticity is obtained by evaluating variations of blood velocity and co-flowing streams. The effect of several factors (period, hematocrit, and base solution) on the performance is quantitatively evaluated. Based on the experimental results, the period of sinusoidal flow and hematocrit are fixed at 30 s and 50%, respectively. As a performance demonstration, the proposed method is employed to detect the homogeneous and heterogeneous blood composed of normal RBCs and hardened RBCs. These experimental results show that the RBC deformability is more effective to detect minor subpopulations of heterogeneous bloods, compared with blood viscoelasticity. Therefore, it leads to the conclusion that the proposed method has the ability to evaluate RBC deformability and blood viscoelasticity under sinusoidal blood flow, with sufficient accuracy and highthroughput. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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“…10,11 In brief, the optical tweezers is built around a Zeiss Axiovert 200 inverted fluorescence microscope using a ×100, NA = 1.3 oil immersion objective lens for both trapping and imaging. The trapping laser beam is derived from a single-mode Nd:YAG laser with maximum output power of 3 W, and beam steering is performed by a pair of galvanometer-scanning mirrors 12 in a plane made conjugate to the back aperture of the objective by a pair of lenses, which also serve as a telescope to expand the beam such that it slightly overfills the objective back aperture.…”

Section: Experiments Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbubble trapping in inverted optical tweezers

Smart

Ünlü

Jones

2017

Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XIV

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We have developed an inverted microscope optical tweezers for trapping and manipulation of microscopic gas bubbles. Trapping is achieved by a time-averaged optical trap using a rapidly-scanning Gaussian laser beam. Unlike holographic optical tweezers for microbubbles that employ a Laguerre-Gaussian beam, in this configuration the backwards-directed optical gradient force is sufficient to confine a microbubble against both the optical scattering force and the microbubble buoyancy. We have calibrated the optical trapping forces for microbubbles with a range of sizes, and determined the scanning trap configuration that produces the strongest confinement. Our system also includes a real-time "point-and-click" user interface for interactive selection, capture and isolation of individual microbubbles with optimal trap stiffness.

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Assessment of red blood cell deformability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy by dual optical tweezers stretching technique

Cited by 170 publications

References 60 publications

Haematological profile of diabetes and non-diabetes patients in rural tertiary centre

Haematological profile of diabetes and non-diabetes patients in rural tertiary centre

Simultaneous measurement of erythrocyte deformability and blood viscoelasticity using micropillars and co-flowing streams under pulsatile blood flows

Microbubble trapping in inverted optical tweezers

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