Assessment of Renal Allograft Stiffness and Viscosity Using 2D SWE PLUS and Vi PLUS Measures—A Pilot Study

Maralescu, Felix-Mihai; Bende, Felix; Sporea, Ioan; Popescu, Alina; Şirli, Roxana; Schiller, Adalbert; Petrică, Ligia; Moga, Tudor; Mare, Ruxandra; Grosu, Iulia; Bob, Flaviu

doi:10.3390/jcm11154370

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The mean 2D-SWE PLUS and Vi PLUS measurements decreased with age but were unaffected by the participant’s sex. In addition, we also published a study on kidney transplant recipients evaluated using the same elastography measurements in which we obtained a cut-off value of 27.3 kPa for estimating an eGFR of under 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , and this also indicated that, when the disease advances, renal stiffness declines [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of rapid deformation, slow deformation causes tissues to migrate, and necro-inflammation-related alterations are thought to affect how shear waves propagate (viscosity) [ 18 ]. Supersonic Imagine created the original 2D-SWE method, and numerous studies and meta-analyses have supported its usefulness in fibrosis assessment [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], but, currently, there are only a few research articles employing the new 2D-SWE PLUS and Vi PLUS technologies [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Invasive Evaluation of Kidney Elasticity and Viscosity in a Healthy Cohort

et al. 2022

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Introduction: There is currently a lack of published data on kidney elasticity and viscosity. Non-invasive techniques, such as two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE PLUS) and viscosity plane-wave ultrasound (Vi PLUS), have surfaced as new detection methods, which, thanks to efficient processing software, are expected to improve renal stiffness and viscosity measurements. This study aims to be the first one to assess the normal range values in normal renal function subjects and to investigate the factors that impact them. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study employing 50 participants (29 women and 21 men) with a mean age of 42.22 ± 13.17, a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 97.12 ± 11 mL/min/1.73 m2, a mean kidney length of 10.16 ± 0.66 cm, and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.24 ± 3.98. With a C6-1X convex transducer and the Ultra-FastTM software available on the Hologic Aixplorer Mach 30 ultrasound system, we acquired five measurements of renal cortical stiffness and viscosity (achieved from five distinct images in the middle part of the subcapsular cortex) from each kidney. The ten measurements’ median values correlated with the participant’s demographical, biological, and clinical parameters. Results: The mean kidney elasticity was 31.88 ± 2.89 kiloPascal (kPa), and the mean viscosity was 2.44 ± 0.57 Pascal.second (Pa.s) for a mean measurement depth 4.58 ± 1.02cm. Renal stiffness seemed to be influenced by age (r = −0.7047, p < 0.0001), the measurement depth (r = −0.3776, p = 0.0075), and eGFR (r = 0.6101,p < 0.0001) but not by BMI (r = −0.2150, p = 0.1338), while viscosity appeared to be impacted by age (r= −0.4251, p = 0.0021), eGFR (r = 0.4057, p = 0.0038), the measurement depth (r= −0.4642, p = 0.0008), and BMI (r= −0.3676, p = 0.0086). The results of the one-way ANOVA used to test the differences in the variables among the three age sub-groups are statistically significant for both 2D-SWE PLUS (p < 0.001) and Vi PLUS (p = 0.015). The method found good intra-operator reproducibility for the 2D-SWE PLUS measurements, with an ICC of 0.8365 and a 95% CI of 0.7512 to 0.8990, and for the Vi PLUS measurements, with an ICC of 0.9 and a 95% CI of 0.8515 to 0.9397. Conclusions: Renal stiffness and viscosity screening may become an efficacious, low-cost way to gather supplemental diagnostic data from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The findings demonstrate that these non-invasive methods are highly feasible and not influenced by gender and that their values correlate with renal function and decrease with age progression. Nevertheless, more research is required to ascertain their place in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Evaluation of Kidney Elasticity and Viscosity in a Healthy Cohort

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast majority of available research has focused on characterizing the viscoelastic properties of the in vivo kidney using the KV model fitting approach [ 43 ], [ 44 ], [ 45 ], [ 46 ], [ 47 ], [ 48 ], [ 49 ]. The Aixplorer Mach 30 ultrasound scanner from Hologic was utilized to estimate shear elasticity and viscosity within the ranges of 5–10 kPa and 2–3 Pa · s, respectively [ 43 ], [ 44 ], [ 45 ]. Some limited data also exist, employing the shear dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) method, which involves generating shear waves at frequencies that are multiples of 100 Hz [ 46 ], [ 47 ], [ 48 ], [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Robustness of S-Transform Based Phase Velocity Estimation in Viscoelastic Phantoms and Renal Transplants

Kijanka,

Vasconcelos,

Mandrekar

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) methods are being used to differentiate healthy versus diseased tissue on the basis of their viscoelastic mechanical properties. Tissue viscoelasticity is often studied by analyzing shear wave phase velocity dispersion curves, which is the variation of phase velocity with frequency or wavelength. Recently, a unique approach using a generalized Stockwell transformation (GST-SFK) was proposed for the calculation of dispersion curves in viscoelastic media over expanded frequency band. In this work, the method’s robustness was evaluated on data from five custom-made viscoelastic tissue-mimicking phantoms and sixty in vivo renal transplants. For each phantom, 15 shear wave motion data acquisitions were taken, while 10–13 acquisitions were acquired for renal transplants measured in the renal cortex. For each data-set mean and standard deviation (SD) of estimated phase velocity dispersion curves were studied. In addition, the viscoelastic parameters of the Zener model were examined, which were preceded by a convergence analysis. For viscoelastic phantoms scanned with a research ultrasound scanner, and for the in vivo renal transplants scanned with a clinical scanner, the decisive advantage of the GST-SFK method over the standard two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) method was shown. The GST-SFK method provided dispersion curve estimates with lower SD over a wider frequency band in comparison to the 2D-FT method. These advantages are relevant to the analysis of the mechanical properties of tissues in clinical practice to discriminate healthy from diseased tissue.

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“…In peripheral muscle, both 2D-SWE and viscosity parameters presented statistically significant differences between pre-and post-contraction settings [ 30 ]. Together with shear-wave elastography, tissue viscosity was also found to be useful in monitoring renal allograft in transplanted patients and detecting chronic injury [ 31 ]. In patients with chronic liver disease, spleen stiffness had better diagnostic quality than spleen viscosity, although they both correlated with the presence of liver disease [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Thyroid Stiffness and Viscosity in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Using Novel Ultrasound-Based Techniques

et al. 2023

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The estimation of viscosity by measuring the shear-wave dispersion (SWD) using ultrasound 2D shear-wave elastography (SWE) is becoming more and more popular. Recent research suggests that SWD can be used in addition to 2D-SWE (shear-wave speed) to diagnose diffuse liver disease. Viscosity was studied for the assessment of normal thyroid tissue. This study aims to evaluate the use of viscosity measurements in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis using the SuperSonic MACH®30 ultrasound machine (Hologic SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) which provides the Vi PLUS mode for viscosity and the 2D SWE PLUS mode for shear-wave speed measurements. Valid measurements were obtained in 308 cases, 153 with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) and 155 with no thyroid pathology (95.95% feasibility of the methods). The differences between the healthy group and the CAT group were statistically significant both for Vi PLUS (2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.5, p < 0.0001) and for 2D-SWE PLUS (13.5 ± 3.3 vs. 23.1 ± 8.3, p < 0.0001). The diagnostic performance was poor for Vi PLUS alone (AUC = 0.69; cut-off > 2.5 Pa·s, se = 68.6%; sp = 64.52%) and good for 2D-SWE PLUS alone (AUC = 0.861; cut-off > 18.4 kPa, se = 69.9%; sp = 92.2%). Vi PLUS correlated with 2D-SWE PLUS, with the presence of CAT, the thyroid volume, levothyroxine replacement therapy and age. Statistically significant differences were found between the CAT subgroup receiving thyroid replacement therapy and the subgroup without therapy: 24.74 ± 8.33 vs. 21.93 ± 8.12 kPa for 2D-SWE (p = 0.0380) and 3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4 Pa·s for Vi PLUS (p = 0.0193). Elastography-based methods improve the classic ultrasound evaluation: 2D-SWE PLUS performed somewhat better in distinguishing CAT from normal thyroid tissue, while Vi PLUS made a slightly better assessment regarding the functional status.

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Assessment of Renal Allograft Stiffness and Viscosity Using 2D SWE PLUS and Vi PLUS Measures—A Pilot Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Non-Invasive Evaluation of Kidney Elasticity and Viscosity in a Healthy Cohort

Non-Invasive Evaluation of Kidney Elasticity and Viscosity in a Healthy Cohort

Evaluation of Robustness of S-Transform Based Phase Velocity Estimation in Viscoelastic Phantoms and Renal Transplants

Assessment of Thyroid Stiffness and Viscosity in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Using Novel Ultrasound-Based Techniques

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