Assessment of renewable energy sources to generate electricity for remote areas, South Iraq

The energy crisis in Nigeria has continued to impede the rapid expansion of the telecommunication industry, whose operating expenditure is galloping due to over-dependence on diesel generators as an alternative source of power to its base transceiver station (BTS). This fossil-fuel power source has also increased the industry’s carbon footprint. As a solution to these problems, the objective of this work is to provide a sustainable and quality hybrid DC power supply system for BTS that would increase access to information and communication technology or ICT infrastructure. This involves the integration of solar & wind energy with the grid. The sizing of the hybrid sub-systems was designed & simulated using MATLAB Simulink to test for functionality. A prototype of the design system was then implemented with the results showing an average power output that guarantees 21 hours/day of supply. By installing this hybrid system of 1.3 kW, approximately 2.55 kg of diesel (C10H20) would be un-utilized by one BTS, thereby preventing 3.6 kg of CO2 from been emitted to the atmosphere daily. Extrapolating these values shows 930.75 kg of diesel can be saved and reduce 1314 kg of CO2 emission within a year. Hence eliminating the need for diesel-backup generator for a grid connected or non-grid BTS sited in rural areas.

“…The ( 3) and ( 4), the top of the BTS control room was used in positioning the PV modules applying in (1) and taking the losses (30%) in the PV system into consideration [14].…”

confidence: 99%

“…i.e., it varies the electrical operating point of the modules so that the modules can deliver the maximum available to the batteries. Mathematically defined in (14).…”

Section: Charge Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid renewable/grid power systems, an essential for base transceiver station penetration in Rural Nigeria

Ebiega,

Dugeri,

Irefu

2024

“…Therefore, an energy management system (EMS) based on an energy storage system (ESS) is essential for sustaining the power supply and ensuring that distribution networks operate at their peak performance [10]- [12]. Kother et al [13] analyzed renewable energy system based on techno-economics evaluation for hospital in remote area of southern Iraq. Gandhi et al [14] provides insight into the various efficient resources and approaches commonly used to control power dispatch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and optimization of PV-diesel-biogas hybrid microgrid energy system for sustainability of electricity in Rural Area

Araoye,

Ashigwuike,

Umar

et al. 2023

The paper presented a hybrid micro-grid renewable energy of different energy sources to generate uninterrupted electricity for the Agu-Amede village using PV, diesel, biogas, and battery. The system optimization was performed to determine techno-economic analysis and energy generated using HOMER software. The energy generated by the hybrid system was able to meet the demand load of the village at all levels of biomass production with surplus electricity in each case when the production of the biogas system varied between 0.5 tons to 3 tons. At biomass production of 3 tons, the total energy generated demand is 480693 kWh with a surplus of 121762 kWh. Again, the hybrid PV and biogas system generate total energy of 98714 kWh (20.50%) and 381979 kWh (79.50%), respectively. The net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the base case architecture (diesel) measured are $1230000 and $0.267/kWh, respectively. Therefore, between 2.5 tons and 3.0 tons of biomass penetration, the energy production of biogas increased, and the diesel system was removed from the hybrid system setup. This is because the availability of biogas is almost sufficient to meet the load demand at a lower cost and solar PV architecture was added to the hybrid system to balance energy production.

“…The population expansion and technological advancement lead to increase of energy demand. The tendency for regionalized power generation, nearness to the source of consumption, an ambition to minimize power loss, and an involvement in improving energy reliability, in addition to fossil fuel depletion and the negative impacts of nuclear fuels, have enhanced renewable power sources (RES) [1]. Solar energy is one of the most important and widely used renewable energy sources [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and simulation of an on grid 100-kW photovoltaic system

Abed

Alkhazraji

Al-Kubragyi

2023

<span lang="EN-US">This work proposes a design of a solar radiation generator system to extract a maximum power of 100 kilowatts for the uses of 400 volts, 50 Hertz electrical network, under standard conditions (1000 Watts/m<sup>2</sup> and 25 °C). The main goal is to inject and control active and reactive power to the grid by a three-phase, one-stage solar grid-connected 100-kW photovoltaic (PV) plant, to keep the current's total harmonic distortion (THD) within the international requirements, and maintain a constant voltage regardless of solar radiation changes. This design consists of three control loops those are: the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the DC-link voltage, and the current controller. The proposed system was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and was applied on part of the Baghdad electrical network. The obtained results showed the efficiency of the proposed design and modelling.</span>