Assessment of respiratory effort with EMG extracted from ECG recordings during prolonged breath holds: Insights into obstructive apnea and extreme physiology

Stewart, Mark; Bain, Anthony R.

doi:10.14814/phy2.14873

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A schematic representation of the BH maneuver with its tasks, phases, and durations is given in Figure 1 (spontaneous breathing time frames were established based on [ 23 , 31 ]). Breath holding began after spontaneous exhalation to functional residual capacity (FRC), with the suggestion of refraining from preparatory hyperventilation, and ended with spontaneous inhalation.…”

Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…OSAHS leads to sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia during sleep, while, in the long term, it has also been reported to be part of age-related diseases and to accelerate aging mechanisms [ 19 ], as well as other disorders and diseases [ 20 , 21 ]. OSAHS is still an underdiagnosed condition, but recent studies have not only shown that OSA can be identified using simple breath-holding maneuvers performed during wakefulness [ 22 ], but some research approaches suggest that it can be modeled using prolonged breath-holding [ 23 ], which highlights the importance of the reliable identification and characterization of IBMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals during the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath-Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Mišić,

Ostojić,

Cvetković

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The wavelet spectral characteristics of three respiratory muscle signals (scalenus (SC), parasternal intercostal (IC), and rectus abdominis (RA)) and one locomotor muscle (brachioradialis (BR)) were analyzed in the time–frequency (T-F) domain during voluntary breath-holding (BH), with a focus on the physiological breakpoint that is commonly considered the first involuntary breathing movement (IBM) that signals the end of the easy-going phase of BH. The study was performed for an end-expiratory BH physiological breaking point maneuver on twelve healthy, physically active, naive breath-holders/apneists (six professional athletes; six recreational athletes, and two individuals in the post-COVID-19 period) using surface electromyography (sEMG). We observed individual effects that were dependent on muscle oxygenation and each person’s fitness, which were consistent with the mechanism of motor unit (MU) recruitment and the transition of slow-twitch oxidative (type 1) to fast-twitch glycolytic (type 2) muscle fibers. Professional athletes had longer BH durations (BHDs) and strong hypercapnic responses regarding the expiratory RA muscle, which is activated abruptly at higher BHDs in a person-specific range below 250 Hz and is dependent on the BHD. This is in contrast with recreational athletes, who had strong hypoxic responses regarding inspiratory IC muscle, which is activated faster and gradually in the frequency range of 250–450 Hz (independent of the person and BHD). This pilot study preliminarily indicates that it is possible to noninvasively assess the physiological characteristics of skeletal muscles, especially oxygenation, and improve physical fitness tests by determining the T-F features of elevated myoelectric IC and RA activity during BH.

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Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals during the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath-Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Mišić,

Ostojić,

Cvetković

et al. 2023

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals During the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath-Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Mišić,

Ostojić,

Cvetković

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The wavelet spectral characteristics of three respiratory muscle signals (Scalenus (SC), Parasternal intercostal (IC) and Rectus abdominis (RA)) and one locomotor muscle Brachioradialis (BR) were analyzed in the time-frequency (T-F) domain during breath-holding (BH). Study was performed for an end-expiratory BH maneuver on twelve healthy, physically active, naive apneists (6 professional athletes; 6 recreational athletes, two in the post-COVID-19 period) using surface electromyography (sEMG). We observe individual effects dependent on muscle oxygenation and person’s fitness, consistent with the mechanism of motor unit (MU) recruitment and the transition of slow-twitch oxidative (type 1) to fast-twitch (oxidative) glycolytic (type 2) muscle fibers. Professional athletes had longer BH duration (BHD) and strong hypercapnic response on expiratory RA, which is activated abruptly at higher BHDs in a person-specific range below 250 Hz and dependent on BHD. This is in contrast with recreational athletes, who had strong hypoxic response on inspiratory IC, which is activated faster and gradually in the frequency range of 250-450 Hz (independent of the apneist and BHD). This pilot study preliminarily indicates that it is possible to non-invasively assess the physiological characteristics of skeletal muscles, especially oxygenation, and improve physical fitness tests by determining T-F features of elevated myoelectric IC and RA activity during BH.

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Diagnosis of athlete's preparedness by analysis of electromuscular response of respiratory muscles

Ostojić,

Cvetković,

Stefanović

2023

Fizička kultura

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Modern diagnostics of athlete preparation involves the acquisition of a large number of data, which requires superior knowledge, serious logistics, protocols, staff, time, etc. Technological breakthroughs in surface electromyography (sEMG) in measuring the activities of respiratory muscles in vivo opened new possibilities in this direction. The correlation between physical preparedness and the ability to maintain breath has been a theoretical phenomenon for over a century. The result at the duration of the breath holding time (BHT) is generally considered a positive indicator of the volume of respiratory capacity during physical activity. Experimental research determined involuntary activities of auxiliary respiratory musculature at the end of the quiet retention of breath and are determined as a physiological break point of breath holding. The time from the start of the breath holding to the first involuntary breathing movement (IBM) is called the control pause (CP). Since this time is not the physiological maximum of breath holding, it is very important to determine the exact moment of reaching the first IBM and the time-frequency characteristics of sEMG signals during the IBM phase (work problem). Using Wavelet methodology, the analysis of sEMG signals is performed on three skeletal muscles, two inhaling (M. Scalenus-Anterior et Medium-SC, and M. Parasternal Intercostales-IC) and one exhalatory (M. Rectus abdominis-Ra), that in addition to others, have auxiliary role and function in the respiratory cycle, and that are sensitive to physiological changes due to apnea, so in their neuromotor response are a possible indicator of metabolic processes that are detected as involuntary breathing movements. Multiple growths in the electrical activity of these muscles during IBM in certain frequency ranges have enabled precise IBM measurement, thus determining the physiologically acceptable duration of the CP. Observation and analysis of the specific respiratory and muscular response indicate dominations of hypoxic or hypercapnic metabolic condition (subject of research). Based on monitoring these changes in 12 subjects classified in the group categorized amateur athletes, it was determined that better-trained subjects have longer CP and react hypercapnically. The conclusions of this non-experimental case study correspond to the practice of training preparation but open the space for new research, primarily those who should develop an affordable method for non-invasive real-time physical preparation.

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Assessment of respiratory effort with EMG extracted from ECG recordings during prolonged breath holds: Insights into obstructive apnea and extreme physiology

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals during the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath-Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals during the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath-Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals During the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath-Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Diagnosis of athlete's preparedness by analysis of electromuscular response of respiratory muscles

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