Assessment of Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Using Heart Rate Variability in Postmenopausal Women: A Comparative Study between Urban and Rural Indian Women

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among pre-and postmenopausal women, as well as the association between menopausal status and MS. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a reference cardiology outpatient clinic in a city located in Northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 958 medical records of symptomatic climacteric women evaluated between 2010 and 2014 were analyzed. The study consisted of two groups: pre-and post-menopausal women. MS was characterized according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III -NCEP-ATP III-2005. Results: MS was observed in 18.5% of the total study population; 9.4% of the premenopausal women and 22.2% of the postmenopausal women displayed MS, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.75. In addition, the frequency of MS increased with age. Regarding the components of MS, postmenopausal women were more likely to have high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels < 50 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure (SBP) values ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values ≥ 85 mmHg; and fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL. Conclusion: MS was more prevalent among postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(2):160-6.

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“…2017;61/2 reduction of the gonads and steroid production (24). Estrogens play a key role in maintaining adequate levels of HDL-C (8).…”

Section: Metabolic Syndrome In Menopausal Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study conducted with diabetic women found a high prevalence of MS in both premenopausal (87.5%) and postmenopausal (87.7%) women (24). Insulin resistance is described as a key factor implicated in the pathophysiology of MS (40).…”

Section: Metabolic Syndrome In Menopausal Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre- and postmenopausal women

Marchi

Dell’Agnolo

Lopes

et al. 2017

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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“…In addition to the reproducibility and low cost, this technique allows us to identify changes even in the subclinical stage and has a high prognostic value. As a result, the indices derived from this method have been used as health and disease biomarkers, as well as indicators of the effects of therapeutic interventions in several diseases, among them cardiovascular [16,17] , metabolic [18][19][20] and autonomic [21,22] disorders. Given the above, we conducted a review of acute and chronic effects of resistance training on the heart rate and cardiac autonomic regulation in the elderly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Training and Autonomic Modulation in the Elderly

Silva

Chagas

Rodrigues

et al. 2016

Journal of Cardiology and Therapy

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We performed a review of acute and chronic effects of resistance training on the heart rate and cardiac autonomic regulation in the elderly. A systematic review of the literature was performed in June 2015 using MEDLINE, COCHRANE LIBRARY and PUBMED databases. The following combination of keywords, followed by the Clinical Trial filters, Humans, English, and Age ≥ 45 years were used for search of relevant manuscripts: Heart rate variability and exercise (259 articles); Heart rate variability and exercise and elderly (259 articles); Heart rate and Resistance training and elderly (170 articles); Heart rate variability and Resistance training (22 articles); Heart rate variability and Resistance training and elderly (22 articles); Cardiac autonomic modulation and Resistance training and elderly (8 articles). We reported that although some results did not point to benefic chronic effects of resistance exercise on HRV, others presented different data.

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“…5 It is known that, regardless of the presence of pathological conditions, there has been a decrease in vagal modulation, as well as an increase in sympathetic activity and the sympatho-vagal ratio with aging, and that high values of high frequency spectral power ) Represent a protection factor. 6 For this reason, the indices derived from HRV analysis have been used as biomarkers of health status, disease and the effects of therapeutic interventions in several pathologies, among them, cardiovascular 7 metabolic ones 8 and autonomic. 9 Among the therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DM2, physical exercise has received great attention, since it is believed that physical exercise modulates cardiac autonomic control, decreasing the sympathetic influence and provoking greater vagal modulation, thus affecting positively the prognosis of individuals to A variety of morbidities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Habitual Physical Activity and Variability of Cardiac Frequency in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Chagas¹,

Fern²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2017

IPMRJ

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The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the habitual physical activity pattern and the autonomic heart rate modulation in postmenopausal women with Type 2 Diabetes. The sample of 44 postmenopausal women aged 51 to 82 years, diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes and sedentary. The usual physical activity (AFH) was estimated by the Baecke questionnaire, which evaluates occupational physical activities (AFO), physical exercise and laser (EFL), physical activity of leisure and locomotion (ALL) and local physical activity (AFT)). Autonomic modulation was assessed by frequency variability analysis (HRV) at 20 minutes rest in the supine position. The AFO score showed a positive and significant correlation with MeanRR (ms), RMSSD (ms), HF(ms 2 ) and SD1 (ms) values, indicating that the increase in occupational physical activity correlates with increased vagal and Reduction in resting heart rate. The AFL score showed a positive correlation with the values of HF (nu) and negative with values of LF (nu), showing that an increase in AFL correlates with reduction of modulation The AFT score had a positive correlation with the HF (nu) value and negatively with the LF/ HF value, indicating that an increase in the standard of total habitual physical activity contributes to a Increased parasympathetic modulation and an improvement in the sympatho-vagal ratio. Although the results do not present direct correlation with the score that represents the practice of Physical Exercise systematizes with improvements of the autonomic modulation, the physical exercise contributes to a higher AFT score, and in this way may be related to the increase of the parasympathetic activity, reduction of the Sympathetic activity and improvement of the sympatho-vagal balance.

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Assessment of Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Using Heart Rate Variability in Postmenopausal Women: A Comparative Study between Urban and Rural Indian Women

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre- and postmenopausal women

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre- and postmenopausal women

Resistance Training and Autonomic Modulation in the Elderly

Relationship between Habitual Physical Activity and Variability of Cardiac Frequency in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

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