Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate and pH Among Areca Nut Chewers and Oral Submucous Fibrosis Subjects: A Comparative Study

Khader, Nishat Fatima Abdul; Dyasanoor, Sujatha

doi:10.15430/jcp.2015.20.3.208

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In studies done by Sangeetha et al, (2014) have shown that the salivary pH has less significance with the tobacco chewing habits (areca nut) when compared with patients having Oral potentially malignant disorders like oral submucous Fibrosis, and healthy individuals [6]. Studies done by Khader et al,(2015) in contraindication have shown a rise in Salivary pH among a group of Areca nut chewers and oral submucous fibrosis group in which the mean value of was 6.76, 6.82 and 6.74 for areca nut chewers , OSMF and healthy subjects respectively, although the number of subjects in the study were about 135, the results of this study has proven that there is less significance of salivary pH among the tobacco consumers and non-consumers(Healthy subjects), but a significance was found only by mean salivary flow rate [7]. In other studies, done by Farsi NM.,(2007) have shown that the pH varies based on the flow rate of the saliva, but the mean difference were very insignificant as both the cases and controls had the same level of salivary pH about 7.38, but were done in normal patients only, but with only dry mouth and dry mucosa unlike the current study [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have estimated a range of 5.4 to 7.8, the increase in pH is based on the increase in salivary flow rate (SFR) [4][5][6] . Clinical and epidemiological studies showed that, potentially malignant disorder associated with areca nut chewing has been associated with decrease in salivary pH (acidic pH) [7] . The increase in salivary flow, helps in the proper cleansing action of the oral cavity, thereby regulating the salivary pH in normal levels [8]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of salivary ph in patients with oral leukoplakia

2021

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Saliva is an important and a complex secretion to be formed in the oral cavity. Salivary pH was done in patients with the presence of leukoplakia and a comparison is done to estimate the salivary pH in patients with leukoplakia and in healthy subjects, though saliva pH has an effect based on the usage of tobacco products and other substances, this study is done to prove that saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool in identifying the lesion which are pre-malignant based on changes in pH. The results of the study show that there is a significant decrease in the mean pH of Saliva in patients with tobacco consumption as compared with non-users, though there are other studies that show in contrast, this study is done to prove the significance of salivary pH change in users of smokeless and smoking in patients with oral leukoplakia. Association analysis of mean pH of patients with oral leukoplakia and Type of leukoplakia shows no statistical significance(Chi-square: 30.000, p value: 0.414 > 0.05).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of salivary ph in patients with oral leukoplakia

2021

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“…Tobacco usage also leads to inactivation of taste receptors by nicotine, thereby depressing salivary reflex. [ 1 , 18 , 21 , 26 ] Nicotine also altered secretion of saliva by acting or specific cholinergic receptors in the brain and other organs, causing neural activation. [ 15 , 21 , 22 ] Reduced SFR is also because of parasympathominetic activity of arecoline, probably because of lime, which converts arecoline to arecaidene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of salivary flow rate and pH between healthy subjects and tobacco and areca nut chewers

Jain,

Gakhar,

Bhatia

et al. 2023

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

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Introduction: Tobacco and areca nuts release carcinogens, which cause alterations in saliva. Evaluation of these changes through estimation of salivary flow rate and pH was performed in tobacco and areca nut chewers and apparently healthy subjects. Material and Methods: The study group for this comparative study comprised 60 subjects with 20 areca nut chewers (group 1), 20 tobacco chewers (group 2), and 20 non-tobacco and areca nut chewers (group 3) in the ages between 18 and 75 years. After collection of saliva from each subject, the salivary flow rate (SFR) was measured by using graduated tubes, whereas salivary pH was measured using a digital salivary pH meter. Tukey HSD post hoc test was performed for comparison of mean SFR and mean pH between study group subjects. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to find the mean difference in SFR and pH in duration, intensity, and frequency among various types of areca nut and tobacco users. A ”P” value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age among groups 1, 2, and 3 was 37.70 ± 10.44, 39.75 ± 10.16, and 37.90 ± 10.52 years, respectively, with a statistically insignificant difference. The mean salivary flow rate (ml/20 min) was maximum in group 3 (13.23), followed by group 2 (11.75) and group 1 (10.48), with the statistically significant difference as P < 0.05. The mean salivary pH was maximum in group 3 (7.07), followed by group 2 (6.86) and group 1 (6.49), with the statistically significant difference as P < 0.05. Conclusion: Long-term use of tobacco and areca nuts in a chewable form can significantly reduce the salivary flow rate and salivary pH. Hence, these measurements can be used as chair side, non-invasive measures for assessing pathological changes in oral mucosa linked to vulnerable effects among people addicted to these adverse habits; thereby, early re-organization can prevent mobility and mortality.

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“…Abdul Khader and Dyasanoor [ 26 ] conducted a study to evaluate and compare the salivary flow rate and pH among 135 outpatients (45 areca nut chewers, 45 OSMF, and 45 controls). A statistically significant increase in salivary flow rate (35.7 mm at 3 rd min) among areca nut group and a decrease in salivary flow rate among OSMF group (23.4 mm at 3 rd min) when compared to apparently healthy participants (30.7 mm at 3 rd min) were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis

Sahu

Patro

Nayak

et al. 2021

National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery

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Background: Salivary pH plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various oral diseases and conditions. Chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products changes salivary pH. Aim: The aim of the study was to measure the effect of habitual chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products on salivary pH. Materials and Methods: The present study included 360 individuals (chewers and nonchewers) of age group between 20 and 30 years who visited the Outpatient Department of Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital. The patient's salivary pH was measured with the help of a digital pH meter before and after chewing areca nut and various tobacco products. Results: It was observed that, in all the groups of chewers, pH decreased after chewing except in the gutkha and lime chewing group, where pH increased (pH before chewing was 7.43 ± 0.41 and after chewing was 7.51 ± 0.399), the difference was strongly significant ( P < 0.001). pH was found to be less in lime and tobacco chewers (6.83 ± 0.33) and more in tobacco, betel nut, and lime chewers (7.50 ± 0.41) in comparison to other groups before chewing; the difference was strongly significant ( P < 0.001). In the mean ± standard deviation, increase in pH was found among chewers (7.32 ± 0.49) as compared to nonchewers (6.99 ± 0.14), which is the control group, and the data were statically significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: pH is altered in areca nut and various tobacco chewers, rendering the oral mucosa vulnerable to the toxic effects of areca nut and various tobacco products.

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Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate and pH Among Areca Nut Chewers and Oral Submucous Fibrosis Subjects: A Comparative Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of salivary ph in patients with oral leukoplakia

Assessment of salivary ph in patients with oral leukoplakia

Comparison of salivary flow rate and pH between healthy subjects and tobacco and areca nut chewers

Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis

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