Assessment of serum protein electrophoresis for monitoring therapy of naturally acquired equine cyathostomin infections

Abbott, J. B.; Mellor, D. J.; Love, S.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.020

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Studies have looked to assess the globulin fractions at several timepoints following cyathostomin infection. Results have shown alterations in the various globulin fractions during the infection, but also showed variations among individuals afflicted (Abbott et al, 2007; Mair et al, 1993). Importantly, as the cases progressed during hospitalisation, lower last recorded measurement of TP ( p = 0.002) and albumin ( p = 0.028) was associated with nonsurvival, suggestive of an uncontrolled, progressive disease process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval cyathostominosis: Clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 38 hospitalised horses (2009–2020)

Lawson

Malalana

Mair

2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Background There is limited evidence regarding the treatment and outcomes of larval cyathostominosis. Objectives To describe the presentation, treatment and outcomes of horses with larval cyathostominosis in two equine hospitals. Study design Retrospective, multicentred cohort study. Methods Clinical records were reviewed (2009–2020). Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of larval cyathostominosis (determined by faecal assessment and/or post‐mortem examination). Data were assessed for normality. Descriptive analysis was performed for frequency results and central tendencies. Statistical analysis between survivors and nonsurvivors was determined by Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Student's t‐test/Mann–Whitney for continuous variables. Results Of 38 cases, 21 (55%) were nonsurvivors (3/38 dead on arrival). Nonsurvivors died by 2.9 days ± 2.4. Tachycardia (mean 61 beats/min ± 14), leucocytosis (mean 17.1 × 109/L ± 9.1), neutrophilia (mean 14.1 × 109/L ± 8.5), hypoalbuminaemia (mean 21.6 g/L ± 6.0), hyperfibrinogenaemia (mean 7.4 g/L ± 2.6) and elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) (median 315.0 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 117.0–1460.0) were consistent findings. Faecal shedding of Salmonella spp. occurred in four cases. The mean last recorded albumin was 18.6 g/L ± 4.5 and total protein (TP) 52.3 g/L ± 13.6. Crystalloids were administered in 25/35, synthetic colloids in 5/35 and plasma in 17/35 cases. Anthelmintic treatment was administered in 25/35 cases, of which 22 also received corticosteroids. Recumbency prior to admission (p = 0.037) and administration of isotonic fluid therapy (p = 0.027) were associated with nonsurvival. From peripheral blood analysis, lower TP (p = 0.006) and higher SAA (p = 0.050) concentrations at admission as well as lower last recorded TP (p = 0.002) and lower last recorded albumin concentrations (p = 0.028) were associated with nonsurvival. Main limitations Results may not be applicable to other populations. Conclusions Referred cases of larval cyathostominosis have a low survival rate. Several variables are associated with reduced survival: history of recumbency, isotonic fluid therapy, elevated SAA at admission, low TP at admission, low last recorded TP and low last recorded albumin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval cyathostominosis: Clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 38 hospitalised horses (2009–2020)

Lawson

Malalana

Mair

2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…In horses, infections with parasites of the subfamily Cyathostominae are generally symptom-free, and the only observable disease signs include lower feed conversion and deteriorating health. There are no clear changes in blood biochemical or morphological profiles that could be regarded as pathognomonic signs of cyathostominosis, but neutrophilia and hypoproteinemia are observed in most infected horses (5,7,8,15). The above symptoms can be attributed to inflammation of intestinal mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most pronounced clinical symptoms are produced by fourth and fifth stage larvae returning to the intestinal lumen (1,7,16). The number of dormant larvae is difficult to estimate because they may survive in hypobiosis for up to 2 years (7,8) and because of the risk of constant reinfection while at pasture. Acute symptoms of larval cyathostominosis that resemble type II ostertagiosis in cattle are observed in early spring (7,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no effective methods to define the number of dormant larvae. Several attempts have been made to evaluate latent strongylid infections based on analyses of serum protein electrophoretic patterns (5,6), but the proposed method was regarded as insufficiently sensitive and specific (7,8). Lysozyme is an enzyme that plays an important role in the initial destruction of invasive agents and can serve as an early biomarker of inflammation (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected blood immunological and biochemical parameters in horses infected with Cyathostominae before and after ivermectin treatment

Norynska¹,

Sokół²,

Siwicki³

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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The objective of this study was to identify selected blood immunological and biochemical parameters in horses infected with Cyathostominae before and after treatment with ivermectin. Fecal samples were collected before ivermectin treatment and on days 1, 2, 3,4,10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 75 after drug administration. Blood was sampled on the same days to determine levels of total protein, γ-globulin, ceruloplasmin, and lysozyme activity. Eggs and dead parasites were excreted until day 3 postivermectin treatment. The reappearance of eggs was observed in 1 horse on day 50, and on day 75 in the remaining animals. Before treatment, total protein levels were measured at 53.2 g/L on average, and a decrease was noted until day 3 after treatment, with minor fluctuations on the following days. The highest γ-globulin concentrations of 14.1 g/L were reported on day 10 after treatment. Ceruloplasmin levels were determined at 74 IU before treatment, and a significant increase to 106 IU was observed on day 40. Lysozyme activity before ivermectin treatment reached 2.77 mL/L on average, and a significant 2-fold increase to 6.85 mg/L was reported on day 75.

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Diagnostic Techniques

2018

Handbook of Equine Parasite Control

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Assessment of serum protein electrophoresis for monitoring therapy of naturally acquired equine cyathostomin infections

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Larval cyathostominosis: Clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 38 hospitalised horses (2009–2020)

Larval cyathostominosis: Clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 38 hospitalised horses (2009–2020)

Selected blood immunological and biochemical parameters in horses infected with Cyathostominae before and after ivermectin treatment

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