Assessment of Slow Rusting Resistance Components to Stripe Rust Pathogen in some Exotic Wheat Germplasm

Abstract

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. It is emerging as an important constraint to wheat production worldwide and northern India. Host resistance is the most economical way of controlling respective pathogen. However, race-specific resistance is overcome by the evolution of new races of the pathogens. Conversely, race non-specific or quantitative resistance, controlled by many genes and effective at the adult plat stage, is generally considered more durable and long lasting. Such type of resistance is of primary interest to wheat breeders around the world. With this background, experiments were conducted to assess the levels of slow rusting/ adult plant resistance in exotic wheat germplasm (CIMMYT Mexico Core Germplasm Panel, CIMCOG). Sixty two exotic wheat germplasm including susceptible checks were evaluated against yellow rust for resistance both at seedling as well as adult plant stages. Slow rusting/partial resistance/adult plant resistance was assessed under field conditions through host response and epidemiological parameters estimates i.e., final rust severity (FRS), coefficient of infection (CI), relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC) and apparent infection rate (r). Promising slow rusting resistance was observed on the germplasm viz., CIMCOG 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53, 58, 59 and 60 consistently during rabi seasons of 2013-16. All these promising stripe rust resistant germplasm at adult plant stage were susceptible at seedling stage to yellow rust, which indicated presence of slow rusting resistance among the germplasm. Significant diversity was observed for level of slow rusting resistance among the CIMMYT core wheat germplasm, which may be exploited in further breeding strategies to develop consistent and durable resistant varieties against stripe rust in India.

Genetic Diversity Assessment of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and Chinese Wheat Core Germplasms by Non-Denaturing Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

“…Thus, it is essential to fully understand the CIMMYT germplasm for breeding. For instance, promising slow rusting resistance was observed in CIMCOG14, 17, 38, 43, 46, 53, and 59 [ 31 ]. The cytological results of this study showed that CIMCOG14, 38, 43, and 46 contained 1BL.1RS translocation, CIMCOG53 carried 5BS.7BS/5BL.7BL translocations, and CIMCOG17 and 59 possessed 1BL.1RS and 5BS.7BS/5BL.7BL translocations.…”

“…The CIMMYT Mexican core germplasm (CIMCOG) has facilitated wheat breeding for grain yield and quality worldwide, especially in warm areas [ 30 ]. Several studies have been performed to either evaluate or use this germplasm for slow rusting resistance [ 31 ], lodging-related traits [ 32 ], seed storability [ 33 ], seed dormancy and longevity [ 34 ], grain quality [ 35 ], and agronomic traits [ 36 ]. Studies have also been conducted on resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew of Chinese core germplasm [ 37 , 38 ].…”

GWAS to Identify Genetic Loci for Resistance to Yellow Rust in Wheat Pre-Breeding Lines Derived From Diverse Exotic Crosses

“…However, the fungus can mutate into new biotypes or can produce new physiological races in a short time span to overcome seedling resistance (Singh et al, 2016). An alternative to achieve greater durability of the resistance is to develop varieties that have durable resistance based on slow rusting genes also known as adult plant resistance (APR) genes (Singh et al, 2017).…”

Assessing the Effectiveness of Eco-Friendly Management Approaches for Controlling Wheat Yellow Rust and Their Impact on Antioxidant Enzymes

“…Moreover, the activation of PR protein genes may contribute to the development of resistance responses in inoculated plants [ 39 ]. In addition, two bioagents, P. fluorescence and B. subtilis , exhibited moderate effectiveness in controlling stripe rust, achieving reductions of 54.25% and 56.33%, respectively [ 40 ].…”

“…[ 75 ] supported the high efficacy of propiconazole fungicides such as Tilt 25EC, which is particularly effective against leaf rust and yellow rust. Also, propiconazole 25EC demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing the severity of yellow rust by 80.2% [ 40 ]. When Tilt was used at the recommended concentration, it effectively suppressed urediniospore germination in all tested isolates.…”