Assessment of smallholder farmers’ adaptive capacity to climate change: Use of a mixed weighting scheme

The economic vulnerability of fishing households to climate change in the south Pacific region of Colombia

“…A fishing household in Tumaco and the Pacific subregion of Nariño can increase its adaptive capacity by generating sources of income other than fishing, allowing the conclusion that the diversification of livelihoods is a strategy that will create less dependence on the resource, greater capacity to anticipate the possible economic impacts of the effects of climate change and in particular will allow them access to markets in general. The results obtained in this research are consistent with previous findings in which it is argued that the high dependence of poor households on fishery resources increases their vulnerability and with those found by other authors who study the diversification of livelihoods in rural households as a fundamental strategy to alleviate the effects of climate change ( Zanmassou et al., 2020 ; Chepkoech et al., 2020 ; Martins and Gasalla, 2020 ; Chepkoech et al., 2020 ; Yomo et al., 2020 ). In addition, low educational levels and the lack of adequate social policies and interventions increase the limitations and reduce the possibility of livelihood diversification, which imposes additional impediments to improve their income; when considering, for example, the possible case of occupational mobility between fishing and agriculture, where other social, cultural and economic dynamics converge, which in the historical context of Colombia represent additional challenges to face such as the possibility of access, and use of the land, violence and governability.…”

“…Other authors ( Chepkoech et al., 2020 ; Martins and Gasalla, 2020 ; Yomo et al., 2020 ; Zanmassou et al., 2020 ) have studied the diversification of livelihoods in rural households as a fundamental strategy to alleviate the effects of climate change, which coincide with those as mentioned earlier. However, it is necessary to investigate the role of local and governmental institutions in guiding actions to mitigate the climatic effects that these most vulnerable fishing households face.…”

“…Some studies focused on coastal fishing communities indicate that adaptive capacity varies between communities and households. This can be attributed mainly to differences in asset distribution, participation in community organisations ( Faraco, 2013 ), local knowledge ( Martins and Gasalla, 2020 ; Zanmassou et al., 2020 ; Chepkoech et al., 2020 ), and the role in regional institutions. The latter is considerably important as they facilitate the adaptation of households and the ability to anticipate the effects of climate change ( Yomo et al.…”

“…However, to make these principles viable at the community level, it is necessary to increase the human capital of fishing communities by increasing access to education and generating more livelihood opportunities to diversify their income ( Cheung, 2018 ). Thus, households with access to social, human, physical, and financial capital and economic and social support systems to secure their livelihoods during adverse periods can adapt more efficiently and reduce their vulnerability ( Ellis, 2000 ; Chepkoech et al., 2020 ; Zanmassou et al., 2020 ).…”

Determinant Indicators for Assessing the Adaptive Capacity of Agricultural Producers to Climate Change

“…The studies were conducted in regions or countries located in five continents: the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. In most of the studies, the selection of indicators was based on expert judgment or key actors, who rated them and then, with weighted sum or factor analysis, obtained the final score [24,26,29,[47][48][49][50]. Other authors used qualitative methods, such as an analysis of the perception of agricultural producers as a case study [25,36,43,51] (Table 1 and more details can be seen in Supplementary Material S2).…”