Assessment of social acceptance and scope of scaling up urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kenya

Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim; Muhandiki, Victor S.; Fukuda, Jun; Nakamura, Masahisa; Sakai, Akira

doi:10.2166/washdev.2012.078

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…A similar study conducted in Kenya found that most of the study participants overcame social and cultural barriers through public awareness andacceptance of Eco-san toilets.They were, now, using human urine as fertilizeron their farms. Moreover, they recommended the practice to awider community [30].Likewise, a similar study conducted in Indonesia [31] found that Indonesians accepted Eco-san toilets because of theperceived environmental friendliness and the fertilizer value.Some of the participants thought the possibilitythat the innovationused in the Eco-san system could be ofvalue.They noted the advantage of using the Eco-san toilet and applying urine as fertilizer in school gardens over other types of toilets and chemical fertilizers. They also reported the economicalbene ts the Eco-san toilet can achievein valuing and accepting Eco-san innovations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pre-implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

Devkota

Bastien

Jenssen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Although human urine contains nutrients for plant growth, very few community schools in Nepal use a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and apply the human urine as fertilizer in their school garden. Using human urine in agriculturereduces the use of chemical fertilizers, thus saving the expenditure associated with it. Application of human urine improves the soil fertility and may contribute to increased food security among school children if the school can supply the canteen with food for mid-day meals. This study adopted a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in order to understand stakeholder perspectives and involve them in the planning and implementation of urine diverting toilets. The data for this study were collected from five teachers' focus group discussions. This paper presents teachers' perceptions ofthe urine diversion dry toilet system and use of human urine as a fertilizer for the school garden.Only a few teachers accepted that human urine could be used as fertilizer, however, they were not willing to use it on their crops since it was considered impure. Due to a perceived bad odor and the uncomfortable sitting position on the UDDT, particularlyfor females, teachers disliked this toilet and they felt using urine as fertilizer was unnecessary. One of the key lessons drawn from the study is that schools, in collaboration with local governments,should employ participatory approaches to understanding and engaging local stakeholders, including teachers, to minimize negative perceptions prior to the application of human urine as fertilizer in the school garden.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pre-implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

Devkota

Bastien

Jenssen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…See reference 1, Uddin et al (2012). A number of respondents noted that visitors from more rural areas frequently inquired about how to obtain a CLSS toilet.…”

Section: F I G U R E 8 a Reasons For Using The Clss Toilets F I G U Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a closed-loop sanitation system in a cold climate: a case from peri-urban areas of Mongolia

Uddin

Li²,

Mahmood

et al. 2015

Environment and Urbanization

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This study examines a closed-loop sanitation system (CLSS) in the ger areas (informal peri-urban settlements) of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in order to evaluate system feasibility and to identify the future prospects of CLSS as an alternative to conventional sanitation and drainage options. Results show that the CLSS concept is well understood and accepted by users and that services are being scaled up. Over 50 per cent of respondents used CLSS technologies during both winter and summer, testifying to the potential for scaling up these technologies and services. Moreover, all users responded positively in their evaluation of the emptying services. Despite some problems and challenges, the system proved to be feasible, replicable and acceptable in the study area. It is recommended that the entire CLSS approach be tested through scientific validation to convince more communities, government and other stakeholders about scaling up the system beyond the study area for better health, environmental conservation and resource recovery.KEywords closed-loop sanitation system / cold climate / composting / emptying services / ger areas / urine-diverting toilets sayed Mohammad nazim uddin is a phd researcher and project Manager, university of science and technology beijing.Address: school of civil and Environmental Engineering, university of science and technology beijing,

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“…Urine diversion requires a specially designed seat-riser or squatting slab or pan that is functionally reliable and socially acceptable. The basic idea of how to avoid mixing urine and feces is simple: the toilet user should sit or squat over some kind of dividing wall so that feces drop behind the wall and urine passes in front of the wall [19,20].…”

Section: Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Community Sanitation for a Rural Hospital in Haiti

et al. 2012

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A fully sustainable sanitation system was developed for a rural hospital in Haiti. The system operates by converting human waste into biogas and fertilizer without using external energy. It is a hybrid anaerobic/aerobic system that maximizes methane production while producing quality compost. The system first separates liquid and solid human waste at the source to control carbon to nitrogen ratio and moisture content to facilitate enhanced biodegradation. It will then degrade human waste through anaerobic digestion and capture the methane gas for on-site use as a heating fuel. For anaerobic decomposition and methane harvesting a bioreactor with two-stage batch process was designed. Finally, partially degraded human waste is extracted from the bioreactor with two-stage batch process and applied to land farming type aerobic composter to produce fertilizer. The proposed system is optimized in design by considering local conditions such as waste composition, waste generation, reaction temperature, residence time, construction materials, and current practice. It is above ground with low maintenance requirements.

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Assessment of social acceptance and scope of scaling up urine diversion dehydration toilets in Kenya

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Pre-implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

Pre-implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer

Evaluation of a closed-loop sanitation system in a cold climate: a case from peri-urban areas of Mongolia

Sustainable Community Sanitation for a Rural Hospital in Haiti

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