Assessment of Sodium Salt Anions ( $$\text{SO}_{4}^{2-}$$ SO 4 2 - and $$\text{NO}_{3}^{-}$$ NO 3 - ) Influence on Caffeine Partitioning in Polyethylene Glycol and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Based ATPS

Salt Effect on Ethanol-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems Applied to Alkaloids Partition: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach

“…Besides, these methods can generate undesirable compounds, in addition to using toxic organic solvents. 17 The aim of this work is to evaluate the salt influence on ethanol-based aqueous biphasic systems on the alkaloids partition. For this purpose, five different salts (monosodium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, and potassium citrate) were used to obtain liquid−liquid equilibria (LLE) experimental data with ethanol and water at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure.…”

“…As described by Sampaio et al 17 a constant of optimization (10 10 ) can be used to improve the objective function.…”

“…Six points with overall composition lying in the two-phase region were chosen. The systems' components were gravimetrically weighed (AUX320, Shimadzu) with an uncertainty of 0.0001 g, in centrifuge tubes (15 mL), vigorously stirred using a vortex mixer (Gomixer, MX-S) and allowed to reach equilibrium at 298 ± 0.1 K (Lab Companion, RW-1025G) for approximately 24 h. 17 Top and bottom phases were carefully separated with a glass Pasteur pipet and weighed, and their pH was measured (pH 11 series, OaktonTM). The pH meter was previously calibrated with three buffer solutions (pH values of 4.00, 7.00, and 10.00).…”

“…Besides polymers, several compounds, such as ionic liquids, , deep eutectic solvents (DES) and organic compounds (e.g., alcohols and acetone) , can be used as a phase former in ABSs. The systems composed by salt solution and hydrophilic organic solvents, such as alcohol–salt, have been of great interest because of their easy recovery and low environmental impact.…”

“…Meanwhile, caffeine plays an important role in the medical field and sports science, − and food engineering. , Common methods used for extraction of these alkaloids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, − liquid–liquid − and solid–liquid extraction with organic solvents, present low extraction yields. Besides, these methods can generate undesirable compounds, in addition to using toxic organic solvents …”