Assessment of Solar Energy Technologies in Meeting the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals Under an Interval-Valued Fermatean Fuzzy Environment

Abstract

Renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, play a vital role in achieving the 2030 agenda and sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Africa. While not explicitly addressed in the millennium development goals (MDGs), renewable energy, including solar energy technologies, indirectly contributed to MDGs targets in Africa. Nevertheless, the absence of quantifiable assessments regarding the impacts of solar energy technologies, potentially attributed to limited implementation in the developing world, motivates this paper to evaluate their potential impact in Africa. The analysis, based on a two-level criteria framework and utilizing the interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy analytical hierarchy process methodology, identifies the top three potential impacts as the reduction of CO2 emissions, monetary savings, and the diminishment of air pollution.

Evaluating Environmental Sustainability in Africa: The Role of Environmental Taxes, Productive Capacities, and Urbanization Dynamics

“…Such progressive developments imply a potential shift in the traditional trajectory of the EKC by promising to provide environmental benefits at the outset of economic development. The work of Bouraima et al (2024) and Akromah et al (2024), which showcase the adoption of solar energy and mycelial composite technologies, is a testament to the alignment of economic endeavors with environmental sustainability. These initiatives advocate for a holistic approach to development that does not compromise environmental protection, as reflected in the SDGs, which focus on promoting sustainable urban environments (SDG 11) and encouraging mindful consumption and production (SDG 12).…”