Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Fresh Fish (Oreochromis aureus): Case of Toho Lake in South Eastern Benin, West Africa

Abstract

The protection of aquatic ecosystems is of great importance to maintain the biological balance necessary to secure healthy foods therein imbedded. Toho Lake, located to the south east of Benin, is threatened by pollution emanating from anthropogenic activities with the use of chemical fertilizers, effluent of domestic waste, particularly human and animal excrement with neighbourhood effluents. This study aimed at assessing some heavy metals in fresh fish (Oreochromis aureus) of Toho Lake in order to secure healthy food for the population and protect the ecosystem. Samples of water and fishes were collected and analyzed by HACH DR 3900 after treatment. Results revealed a mean oxygenation of water (4.95 mgo 2 /l), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (21.5 mgo 2 /l), Chemical oxygen Demand (149, 39 mg/l) with the nitrogen in Nitrate (NO 3 : 0.18 mg/l), ammonium nitrate (N-NH + 4 : 0.47 mg/l), and phosphorous (2.06 mg/l) to be very high. The highest contents of heavy metals obtained in the fresh fish were cadmium (32.25 mg/kg), copper (115 mg/kg), lead (8.25 mg/kg), and zinc (90.75 mg/kg) and revealed that the fishes of Toho lake were polluted. The finding allowed us to conclude that the pollution of the lake and the fish carnage are due to anthropogenic pollution through chemicals spilling. Some protection methods of the lake and ecosystem are proposed in order to keep the fish safe and protect the well-being of the population.

Impact of Domestic Solid Waste Management on Wet Land Water Quality: Case of Abomey-Calavi Municipality in Benin Republic

“…Nitrites concentration is also a good indicator of the water pollution by the anthropological activities. This is probably the result of the nitrification, by the bacteria, of the ammonium ion obtained from the decomposition by ammonification of animals and the biodegradation of the household and agricultural waste [18]. The high value of nitrites in water from backedfilled wetlands confirms the important microbial flora.…”

Impacts of Pollutants (Phosphorus and Nitrogen) from Agricultural Activities on the Soils and Waters of Toho Lake (Benin)

“…The study was carried out around Lake Toho which is located between 6°35 to 6°40 north latitude and 1°45 to 1°50. It covers an area of 9.6 km 2 in the dry season and 15 km 2 in the rainy season [6]. Lake Toho is surrounded by several cultivable soils where samples have been taken.…”