Assessment of styrene oligomers eluted from polystyrene-made food containers for estrogenic effects in in vitro assays

Ohno, Katsutoshi; Azuma, Yukimasa; Nakano, Shigeru; Kobayashi, Toru; Hirano, Seishiro; Nobuhara, Yoichi; Yamada, Toshihiro

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00071-0

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Based on concerns that styrene monomer and oligomers may leak from plastics used for food packing, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate such an endocrine action of styrene. While Kitamura et al (2003) demonstrated an endocrine effect of a metabolite of a styrene oligomer, other investigators have reported a lack of endocrine action (Date et al, 2002;Ohno et al, 2001Ohno et al, , 2003. The lack of endocrine-disrupting activity of styrene, applied via the relevant route (i.e., inhalation), is further corroborated by the unaffected prolactin and dopamine data of our previous study (Jarry et al, 2002) as well as by the hormone and neurotransmitter concentrations determined in the present experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of 5-Day Styrene Inhalation on Serum LH and Testosterone Levels and on Hypothalamic and Striatal Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Male Rats

Jarry¹,

Gamer²,

Wuttke³

2004

Inhalation Toxicology

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The volatile chemical styrene may impair male fertility. Testicular testosterone (T) production is controlled by the hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal axis. From the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released, which stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary, which in turn enhances T production. GnRH release is controlled by glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GLU and GABA neurons are regulated by T. Thus, reduced fertility of styrene-exposed male workers may result from altered GLU/GABA neurotransmission, causing insufficient GnRH, LH, and T secretion. Therefore, we compared LH and T levels of male rats that have inhaled styrene (0, 150, 500, 1500 ppm for 6 h on 5 consecutive days) to GLU and GABA concentrations in the MBH and striatum. Animals were killed directly following the last exposure (immediate group) or after 24 h (recovery group). No suppression of LH or T levels was observed after styrene inhalation. LH levels of the immediate groups with 500 or 1500 ppm exposure were slightly but significantly elevated. Hypothalamic GLU and GABA concentrations remained unchanged. Increased striatal GABA concentrations were determined in recovery groups with 500 or 1500 ppm exposure. Striatal GLU concentrations remained unaffected. Thus, we demonstrate slightly increased LH and T levels in styrene-exposed male rats after inhalation of the two higher doses. This effect did not correlate with hypothalamic GLU and GABA concentrations. With the limitations inherent to any animal model, these data obtained from a 5-day exposure study with rats suggest, but do not unequivocally prove, that styrene may have also no reproductive toxicity effects in men chronically exposed to this chemical.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of 5-Day Styrene Inhalation on Serum LH and Testosterone Levels and on Hypothalamic and Striatal Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Male Rats

Jarry¹,

Gamer²,

Wuttke³

2004

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…However, a recent review by IARC, involving data from laboratory studies (in vitro and in vivo) and human studies, found that styrene exposure resulted in low levels of DNA adducts and DNA damage in individuals who possessed the capacity to activate styrene metabolically to styrene-7,8-oxide [53,54]. In addition, because a large number of chemicals that are in everyday use have been recently shown to disrupt endocrine function, polystyrene, which is one of the most widely used resins in the world, was recently tested for these effects and found to have no estrogenic activity based on the estrogen receptor, luciferase reporter gene, and human breast cancer cell Mcf-7 proliferation assays [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecological study of the association of environmental chemicals on breast cancer incidence in Texas

Coyle

Hynan

Euhus

et al. 2005

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…Consistently negative results in a battery of in vitro and in vivo screening tests are reported for styrene and (anti)estrogenicity (Date et al 2002;Ohno et al 2001) which is supported by findings of no indication for such an activity in reliable guideline repeated dose and multigeneration studies (Cruzan et al 2001(Cruzan et al , 1998(Cruzan et al , 1997(Cruzan et al , 2005a(Cruzan et al , 2005b. Similarly, in vitro and in vivo screening studies demonstrate no (anti)androgenic effects for styrene (Date et al 2002).…”

Section: Non-cancer Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

Banton

Bus

Collins

et al. 2019

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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The potential chronic health risks of occupational and environmental exposure to styrene were evaluated to update health hazard and exposure information developed since the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis risk assessment for styrene was performed in 2002. The updated hazard assessment of styrene's health effects indicates human cancers and ototoxicity remain potential concerns. However, mechanistic research on mouse lung tumors demonstrates these tumors are mouse-specific and of low relevance to human cancer risk. The updated toxicity database supports toxicity reference levels of 20 ppm (equates to 400 mg urinary metabolites mandelic acid + phenylglyoxylic acid/g creatinine) for worker inhalation exposure and 3.7 ppm and 2.5 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, for general population inhalation and oral exposure. No cancer risk value estimates are proposed given the established lack of relevance of mouse lung tumors and inconsistent epidemiology evidence. The updated exposure assessment supports inhalation and ingestion routes as important. The updated risk assessment found estimated risks within acceptable ranges for all age groups of the general population and workers with occupational exposures in non-fiber-reinforced polymer composites industries and fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRP) workers using closedmold operations or open-mold operations with respiratory protection. Only FRP workers using open-mold operations not using respiratory protection have risk exceedances for styrene and should be considered for risk management measures. In addition, given the reported interaction of styrene exposure with noise, noise reduction to sustain levels below 85 dB(A) needs be in place.

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Assessment of styrene oligomers eluted from polystyrene-made food containers for estrogenic effects in in vitro assays

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of 5-Day Styrene Inhalation on Serum LH and Testosterone Levels and on Hypothalamic and Striatal Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Male Rats

Effects of 5-Day Styrene Inhalation on Serum LH and Testosterone Levels and on Hypothalamic and Striatal Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Male Rats

An ecological study of the association of environmental chemicals on breast cancer incidence in Texas

Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene – an update

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