Assessment of sulfonation in lignocellulosic derived material for adsorption of methylene blue

Abstract

The lignocellulosic derived cornstalk was sulfonated (SCS) to prepare an adsorbent, and cationic dye methylene blue (MB) was adsorbed using SCS to evaluate its usability. Sulfonation improved the number of carboxyl groups (-COOH) and increased the porosity and surface area of carbon. In the adsorption process in which MB is adsorbed using SCS in aqueous solution, the sulfone group expanded the form of the sulfonated adsorbent to increase the exposure of anions (sulfonic-acid (R-SO 3 H), carboxylic groups, and bonded OH-group) to the surface. As a result, the adsorption efficiency of MB, a cationic dye for SCS, was improved. The results of kinetics, adsorption isotherm and thermodynamics were suitable for Pseudo-2nd-order and Langmuir, and the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous physical adsorption. The maximal adsorptions capacity with Langmuir model was found to be 504.3 mg/g at 293K. Sulfonation improved not only electrostatic interaction but also π-π stacking in the adsorption process, which was very advantageous in adsorbing cationic dyes using lignocellulose-based adsorbents.

Eco-Friendly Detoxification of Congo Red Dye from Water by Citric Acid Activated Bioadsorbents Consisting of Watermelon and Water Chestnuts Peels Collected from Indigenous Resources

“…Heat of adsorption ( B T < 8) values for the adsorption during the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions indicating physio-sorption rather than chemisorption [66, 67]. The equilibrium binding constant K T value corresponding to maximum binding energies for adsorption of CGR on CPWM is 6.2 L/g and on PWM is 2.2 L/g, while 8.0 L/g on CPWC and 11.3 L/g on PWC, as tabulated in Table 3, also reflecting suitability and fitting of Temkin isothermal model along with the Langmuir isotherm.…”

Preparation of a Novel Lignocellulose-Based Aerogel by Partially Dissolving Medulla Tetrapanacis via Ionic Liquid

“…They have a wide range of potential applications due to their biodegradability, low cost, and eco-friendliness [10,11]. Lignocellulose-based aerogels have demonstrated potential in the removal of dyes and pigments from aqueous solutions, making them useful in environmental remediation, wastewater treatment, and water purification [12,13]. Compared to the common synthetic polymer sorbents, the lignocellulosic aerogel is more environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and relatively low-cost [14,15].…”