Assessment of temperature, proximity and course of the esophagus during radiofrequency ablation within the left atrium

An Analytical Solution for a Bio-heat Transfer Problem

“…Their shape is maintained over time, it is the amplitude that is strongly reduced. The temperature T e has reduced amplitude along the esophagus course as monitored in [11]. cm denoting the total distance between the blood and the air, and H = 3 cm the height of the heated region.…”

“…The cross-sectioned fatty pad is assumed 1 mm thick [21]. Additionally, the mean thickness of the posterior LA wall ranges from 1.9 to 4.0 mm, and the mean thickness of the esophageal wall (from mucosa to adventitia) adjacent to the LA ranges from 1.5 to 4.5 mm [2,11,30]. In the presence of these factors, we take average values for the physiological parameters in Table 1.…”

“…where h L is the heat transfer coefficient accounting for the esophageal lumen, and T air represents the temperature of the air in the esophagus canal (assumed to be 36.2 °C, the baseline esophagus luminal temperature in [11]). The endocardial convective heat transfer coefficient h is known [33].…”