Assessment of the 12-Lead ECG as a Screening Test for Detection of Cardiovascular Disease in Healthy General Populations of Young People (12–25 Years of Age)

2016 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures

“…103 Preparticipation checklists for athletes already exist and are focused on many causes of SCD, but limited data support their utility, cost, and applicability. See Table 4, which is derived from the AHA recommendations for preparticipation cardiovascular screening of competitive athletes.…”

Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Preamble, Principles, and General Considerations

“…As evidence of this, in the almost 10 years since publication of the 36th Bethesda Conference, 3 new conditions associated with sudden death in the young have been recognized, and knowledge of the responsible diseases and inherent risks of sudden cardiac death in the young has evolved. [4][5][6][7][8] As a result, some selected areas of the 36th Bethesda Conference may have become obsolete, and novel issues not previously addressed, have emerged. Third, an increasing number of adults with congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies are now being recognized (often with surgical palliation or correction) who wish to engage in competitive athletics and require contemporary recommendations.…”

“…This consideration is also substantiated by the realization that inherited arrhythmia syndromes can impact very young people and that patients with genetic, congenital, or acquired heart diseases now engage in competitive athletics at more advanced ages. However, because systematic preparticipation screening in the United States does not usually begin before high school, 4 recognition of cardiovascular disease in such younger athletes is unpredictable.…”

Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 2: Preparticipation Screening for Cardiovascular Disease in Competitive Athletes

“…ECGs), [1][2][3]19,20 and in both Italy [4][5][6]9 and Israel, 7 with 12-lead ECGs in addition to history and physical examination. In many European countries, screening of athletes is largely limited to those performing at the elite level (eg, in international, Olympic, or professional sports).…”