Assessment of the Ameliorative Effect of Bacillus subtilis against the Toxicity Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Rats

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic and common among the major types of aflatoxins. AFB1 is hepatoxic and has been implicated in an increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, also the effect of AFs on the brain chemistry have been documented. Probiotics have health benefits and provide of powerful benefits for the body and brain. The present study was designed to reveal efficiency of Bacillus subtilis NS4182-01 against the hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by AFB1 in rats. Both of AFB1 and B. subtilis were studied on the experimental animals (rats) that were divided into 6 groups as the following: Group 1 (control) received distilled water orally. Groups 2&3 (B. subtilis treated groups) received B. subtilis orally at a dose of 0.25 and 0.50 ml, respectively. Group 4 (AFB1 treated group) orally treated with AFB1 at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. Groups 5&6 (AFB1 + B. subtilis group) orally treated with AFB1 and then treated with B. subtilis at two studied doses respectively. It was noticed that the hematological measurements declined and the most biochemical measurements elevated significantly (P≤0.05) in AFB1 treated group. B. subtilis restored all studied measurements towards the normal values. Moreover, the native electrophoretic protein patterns showed that the physiological alterations occurred in the native protein and lipid moiety in addition to calcium moiety of native protein patterns as a result of AFB1 treatment were represented by hiding one or more of normal protein types with existence of abnormal ones. Therefore, the similarity index (SI%) and genetic distance (GD%) values were altered with protein (SI=40.00%; GD=60.00%), lipid moiety (SI=50.00%; GD=50.00%) and calcium moiety of native protein patterns (SI=75.00%; GD=25.00%) in AFB1 treated group. Although the treatment with B. subtilis at a dose of 0.25 ml showed ameliorative effect but could not restore the physiological state of the patterns to normalcy. While B. subtilis at a dose of 0.50 ml restored integrity of these native protein patterns by restoring the absent types with hiding the abnormal ones. Therefore, this group became physiologically similar to control group (SI=100.00%; GD=0.00%). These findings were supported by results of the histopathological examination in the most target organs (liver, kidney and brain) that were affected by AFB1 and the B. subtilis restored their histopathological integrity to normal structure and maintained architecture of these organs.

The hepato- and neuroprotective effect of gold Casuarina equisetifolia bark nano-extract against Chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in rats

“…It is well known that CPF affected spleen and bone marrow cells by accelerating apoptosis and inducing the DNA damage [ 75 ]. The current study showed that indices of red blood cells (RBCs, HB, HCT, MCV, RDW, MPV, and PLT) declined in the CPF-intoxicated group and this was in agreement with Deabes et al [ 76 ] who demonstrated that the hematological measurements were altered in the CPF-injected group due to elevating products of the peroxidation reactions as a consequence of stimulating the oxidative stress. Moreover, the differential WBCs decreased in the CPF-injected group compared to the control group.…”

“…This was coincided with Hashem and El-Sharkawy [ 77 ] who reported that CPF caused lymphopenic leucopenia due to the oxidative damage to the leukocytes. Treatment of the CPF-injected rats with Au- C. equisetifolia nano-extract normalized levels of these measurements in all groups treated with nano-extract, and this might be attributed to the existence of various polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity and high ability to scavenge the ROS generated due to the exposure to CPF [ 76 ]. The nano-extract is rich in the active phytoconstituents which are able to improve absorption of iron by facilitating conversion of the iron from the ferrous (oxidized) state to the ferric (reduced) state in addition to ameliorating the integrity of the RBCs and WBCs compromised by the oxidative stress induced by CPF [ 78 ].…”

Using B.clausii to reduce the effects of aflatoxin B1

“…These results indicate that B.Clausii can protect the structural integrity and prevent AFB1-induced kidney damage in mice. This matches most of the studies that studied the effect of probiotics on reducing the toxic effects in the body of a laboratory organism, including what it did (Deabes et al, 2021) The study was designed to reveal the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis NS4182-01 against the haematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by AFB1 in rats. Both AFB1 and B.subtilis were studied on the experimental animals (rats) Groups 5&6 (AFB1 + B.subtilis group) were orally treated with AFB1 and then treated with B.subtilis at two studied doses respectively.…”