Assessment of the annual trend of chemical aerogenic risk to health and mortality of the population at an industrial center

Abstract

Introduction. Ambient air pollution determines high levels of risk to public health, causing excess mortality. 
 The purpose of the study is to analyze the dependence of the seasonal dynamics of pollutants and mortality from major non-infectious diseases in the population of the industrial center of Eastern Siberia.
 Materials and methods. Air pollution in Bratsk was assessed based on data from monitoring systems for 2017–2022, taking into account one-time, average monthly and annual concentrations. Hazard indices and mortality rates (MR) from major causes were calculated. The annual trend in indicators are assessed using seasonality indices (SI).
 Results. Features of the seasonal dynamics of pollutants were revealed: maximum fluctuations in SI are characteristic of benzo(a)pyrene (22% in the warm season, 214% in the cold season), formaldehyde (219 and 65%, respectively). The SI for mortality had significant fluctuations throughout the year and varied across age groups and disease classes. Changes in seasonality have been noted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Average monthly MR in the older group is associated with concentrations of PM2.5, formaldehyde, NO2.
 Limitations of the study are related to the limited data on monitoring pollutants, inevitable errors in conditional division into seasons, and the impossibility 
 of accurately determining the cause of death during a pandemic.
 Conclusion. The use of average monthly data on MR values and pollutant concentrations confirms the dependence of population mortality on air pollution when studying this phenomenon in medium-sized cities with high levels of hazard indices.

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

“…Одним из важнейших элементов в этой области является установление норм и пределов выбросов загрязняющих веществ для промышленных предприятий, автотранспорта и других источников загрязнения атмосферы. Указом Президента Российской Федерации от 07.05.2018 № 204 «О национальных целях и стратегических задачах развития Российской Федерации на период до 2024 года», а также через реализацию национального проекта «Экология» и федерального проекта «Чистый воздух» были установлены целевые показатели, которые необходимо достичь в сфере снижения загрязнения атмосферного воздуха [1,2].…”

“…Так, с целью улучшения качества воздуха в городских поселениях -участниках первого этапа (12 городов) федерального проекта «Чистый воздух», на территориях которых в настоящий момент реализуется эксперимент по сокращению валового выброса химических веществ в атмосферу (за исключением радиоактивных веществ), на 20 % (т/год) к 2024 г. относительно 2017 г. 2 [7] при моделировании распространения примесей и оценке загрязнения атмосферы в этих 12 городах учтены порядка 50 тыс. промышленных источников выбросов различных типов и конфигураций, выбросы автотранспорта на более чем 3,3 тыс.…”

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

“…The RF President Order dated May 07, 2018 No. 204 On National Goals and Strategic Tasks of The Russian Federation Development for the Period up to 2024 and implementation of the Ecology National project and the Clean Air Federal project have established target levels, which are to be achieved by decreasing ambient air pollution [1,2].…”