Assessment of the antibacterial effect of Khaya senegalensis on some Gram-negative bacteria

Dougnon, Victorien; Hounsa, Edna; Koudokpon, Hornel; Agbodjento, Eric; Afaton, Anny; Sintondji, Kévin; Klotoé, Jean Robert; Segbo, Julien; Baba-Moussa, Lamine

doi:10.1186/s42269-021-00568-0

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A related species, K. senegalensis, has been shown to cause cell lysis in some gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp., by targeting cytoplasmic membranes [101].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of all extracts tested, the methanol-water K. anthotheca extract (mwE088) displayed the strongest COX-2 inhibition activity (IC 50 : 0.55 μg/mL). Past phytochemical studies on methanol and ethanol-water stem bark extracts from the related species, K. senegalensis, revealed many phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and tannins e.g., [101,102]. Flavonoids act on the inflammatory response, and may block molecules like COXs, cytokines, nuclear factor-кB and matrix metalloproteinases [103].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological and behavioral investigation of putative self-medicative plants in Budongo chimpanzee diets

Freymann,

Carvalho,

Garbe

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Wild chimpanzees consume a variety of plants to meet their dietary needs and maintain wellbeing. While some plants have obvious value, others are nutritionally poor and/or contain bioactive toxins which make ingestion costly. In some cases, these nutrient-poor resources are speculated to be medicinal, thought to help individuals combat illness. In this study, we observed two habituated chimpanzee communities living in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, and collected 17 botanical samples associated with putative self-medication behaviors (e.g., bark feeding, dead wood eating, and pith-stripping) or events (e.g., when consumer had elevated parasite load, abnormal urinalysis, or injury). In total, we selected plant parts from 13 species (nine trees and four herbaceous plants). Three extracts of different polarities were produced from each sample using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol/water (9/1, v/v) and introduced to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in vitro models. Extracts were evaluated for growth inhibition against a panel of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria, including ESKAPE strains and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition activity. Pharmacological results suggest that Budongo chimpanzees consume several species with potent medicinal properties. In the antibacterial library screen, 45 out of 53 extracts (88%) exhibited ≥40% inhibition at a concentration of 256 μg/mL. Of these active extracts, 41 (91%) showed activity at ≤256μg/mL in subsequent dose-response antibacterial experiments. The strongest antibacterial activity was achieved by the n-hexane extract of Alstonia boonei dead wood against Staphylococcus aureus (IC50: 16 μg/mL; MIC: 32 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecium (IC50: 16 μg/mL; MIC: >256 μg/mL) and by the methanol-water extract of Khaya anthotheca bark and resin against E. faecium (IC50: 16 μg/mL; MIC: 32 μg/mL) and pathogenic Escherichia coli (IC50: 16 μg/mL; MIC: 256 μg/mL). We observed ingestion of both these species by highly parasitized individuals. K. anthotheca bark and resin were also targeted by individuals with indicators of infection and injuries. All plant species negatively affected growth of E. coli. In the anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibition library screen, 17 out of 51 tested extracts (33%) showed ≥50% COX-2 inhibition at a concentration of 5 μg/mL. Several extracts also exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in COX-2 dose-response experiments. The K. anthotheca bark and resin methanol-water extract showed the most potent effects (IC50: 0.55 μg/mL), followed by the fern Christella parasitica methanol-water extract (IC50: 0.81 μg/mL). This fern species was consumed by an injured individual, a feeding behavior documented only once before in this population. These results, integrated with associated observations from eight months of behavioral data, provide further evidence for the presence of self-medicative resources in wild chimpanzee diets. This study addresses the challenge of distinguishing preventative medicinal food consumption from therapeutic self-medication by integrating pharmacological, observational, and health monitoring data—an essential interdisciplinary approach for advancing the field of zoopharmacognosy.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological and behavioral investigation of putative self-medicative plants in Budongo chimpanzee diets

Freymann,

Carvalho,

Garbe

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…MIC determination followed the microwell method described by Dougnon et al [20]. Each well received 100 µl of the initial extract solution (5 mg/ml) and 100 µl of Mueller-Hinton broth, followed by serial dilution.…”

Section: Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (Mbc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the potential ofUvaria chamae: A cream formulation for combattingStaphylococcus aureusskin infections

Togbé,

Koudokpon,

Ayéna

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) skin infections remain a prevalent public health concern worldwide, posing ongoing challenges in treatment.Uvaria chamaeroots has demonstrated significant effectiveness againstS. aureus. This study aimed to propose a dermal formulation based onUvaria chamaefor treating bacterial skin infections. The antibacterial activity was first confirmed. Tests including the time-kill test, the erythromycin outer membrane permeability test, and the ATPase/H+ proton pump inhibition test were conducted to explore the antibacterial mode of action. A cream was prepared using the phase inversion technique and subjected to quality control and senso-rheological testing. The cream was tested for antibacterial activity and skin toxicity (OECD guideline 404). Thein vivoantibacterial effect and wound-healing potential of theUvaria chamaecream were then assessed on Wistar rat. The ethanolic extract ofUvaria chamaeroot exhibited bactericidal effects on the testedS. aureusstrains. In combination with erythromycin, the extract enhanced the permeability ofS. aureus’s outer membrane while inhibiting ATPase/H+ proton pumps. The pharmaceutical quality of the produced cream revealed acceptable macroscopic conditions and satisfactory homogeneity. Antibacterial activity evaluation showed significant activity at low concentrations. The cream’s healing properties indicated a significant decrease in wound diameter (p<0.05) over time, culminating in complete healing on day 13 for the treated group, with a retraction percentage of 99.99%. These findings support the safe use ofUvaria chamaeextracts in managingS. aureusskin infections and pave the way for pre-clinical testing and potential market introduction of this cream.

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Effect of single and combination therapy on methanol extracts of Khaya senegalensis stem bark, Vernonia amygdalina leaves and Garcinia kola seed in Leptospira interrogans-infected mice

Abiayi,

Itelima,

Onwuliri

et al. 2024

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Assessment of the antibacterial effect of Khaya senegalensis on some Gram-negative bacteria

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Pharmacological and behavioral investigation of putative self-medicative plants in Budongo chimpanzee diets

Pharmacological and behavioral investigation of putative self-medicative plants in Budongo chimpanzee diets

Unlocking the potential ofUvaria chamae: A cream formulation for combattingStaphylococcus aureusskin infections

Effect of single and combination therapy on methanol extracts of Khaya senegalensis stem bark, Vernonia amygdalina leaves and Garcinia kola seed in Leptospira interrogans-infected mice

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