Assessment of the bioactive lipid profiles of oil extracted from Tunisian table olive cultivars (Barouni, Besbassi, and Marsaline cvs.)

Abstract

Bioactive compounds are components extracted from biological matrices that may offer physiological health benefits and have nutritive value. The present study characterized bioactive lipid components such as fatty acids, phytosterols, policosanol, and triterpenes from table olives. The table olives were processed according to the green Spanish‐style method. The obtained results indicate that phytosterol fraction constitutes the major portion of the total unsaponifiable matter. The analysis of phytosterols showed the presence of 11 compounds, β‐sitosterol the predominant one. The policosanol composition indicated that hexacosanol, tetracosanol, octacosanol, and docosanol were the main compounds, accounting for over 85% of total policosanols. Pentacyclic triterpenes (cycloartenol and 24‐methylene cycloartenol) were found at a higher level (over 85%) compared to tetracyclic triterpenes (β‐amyrin, δ‐amyrin). These findings reveal that processed table olives contain an interesting amount of various bioactive compounds compared to marine and other floral biological matrices. Thus, processed table olives represent an interesting natural functional food that presents high stability and bioavailability of their natural bioactive ingredients.

Quality parameters and lipid composition of oil extracted from spent coffee grounds: A promising alternative to vegetable oils used for consumption and cosmetic purposes

“…The fatty acid components were identified by comparing their retention times with an authentic mixture of fatty acid methyl esters standard, purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich, following the method described by Sakouhi et al. [ 25 ] The fatty acid content (expressed in % of total fatty acids) was calculated using the following formula: content (%) = 100 × PA i /TPA, where PA i = FA's peak area and TPA = total FA peak areas. Three independent replicates were done for each sample.…”

“…The unsaponifiable fraction was obtained by saponifying 5 g of each oil with 50 mL of ethanolic KOH 12% (w/v) solution, following the method described by Sakouhi et al. [ 25 ] The mixture was heated at 60°C for 1.30 h. After cooling, 50 mL of H 2 O was added. The unsaponifiable matter was extracted four times with 50 mL of petroleum ether.…”

“…The analysis of sterols from each sample was conducted using the method described by Sakouhi et al. [ 25 ] In fact, the GC–MS analyses were performed using a DB‐5MS fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 mm film thickness; J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA, USA) in a Varian SAR 3400Cx gas chromatograph coupled directly to the mass detector (MS Varian SATURN). Helium was used as a carrier gas, with a constant flow rate of 1 mL min −1 .…”