Assessment of the chemical composition of LTT fillers on residual stresses, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 410 AISI welded joints

Hosseini, Seyed Ali; Gheisari, Kh.; Moshayedi, Hessamoddin; Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza; Warchomicka, Fernando; Enzinger, Norbert

doi:10.1007/s40194-020-01064-1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A reduction of the martensite start temperature to a lower one (T<180 °C) leads to an incomplete martensite transformation, as the martensite finish temperature falls below room temperature. The literature indicate that an incomplete martensite transformation leads to reduced dilatation during phase transformation, thus reducing the formation of compressive stresses [12, 15, 28]. Furthermore, literature shows an optimum at about 180 °C–200 °C [16, 28].…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the greatest volume expansion and the highest build-up of compressive stresses can be achieved with a martensitic phase transformation, as here the yield strength is no longer necessarily limiting [1]. It is known that the volume expansion increases, if the martensite start temperature is reduced up to the point where the martensite finish temperature is reached [12][13][14][15][16]. Since the martensite start temperature can be easily manipulated by the chemical composition, it is an important control variable for setting the stress state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of a low transformation temperature effect for the targeted reduction of welding distortion in stainless chromium‐nickel steel for an application in rail vehicle construction

Gamerdinger,

Akyel,

Olschok

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Due to their low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion, austenitic chromium‐nickel steels have an increased tendency to distortion during welding. In industrial sectors such as rail vehicle construction, there is a high demand for geometrical precision that is not met by distorted components. Introducing a low transformation temperature (LTT) effect in the weld seam influences the stress distribution, which effects the formation of welding distortion. The low transformation temperature effect is achieved by in situ alloying using commercially available materials. The demonstrators made of stainless steel (X2CrNiN18‐7/1.4318) were welded with a low‐alloy filler metal G4Si1. The low transformation temperature effect is assessed by energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy and hardness measurements. The effect on distortion was investigated by measuring the demonstrators with a coordinate measuring system and the results were compared with the reference stainless steel demonstrators with stainless filler metal. The alloying process resulted in a reduction of the alloy content to 14.4 m% chromium and 5 m% nickel and a medium‐high hardness of 361 HV 0.2 to 383 HV 0.2. The low transformation temperature effect achieved leads to a significant reduction in welding distortion of up to 78 % compared to the similar reference demonstrators.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a low transformation temperature effect for the targeted reduction of welding distortion in stainless chromium‐nickel steel for an application in rail vehicle construction

Gamerdinger,

Akyel,

Olschok

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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show abstract

“…The microstructural characteristics of welds in austenitic stainless steel are influenced by the nickel Ni eq and chromium Cr eq equivalents [15,16]. Thus, a linear decrease in the martensite start temperature (Ms) is observed by changing these elements, as indicated by previous studies [9][10][11][12][13][17][18][19]. In this study, the in suit LTT effect was implemented, in which a high-alloy base metal in combination with a low-alloy welding wire is coupled with control of the welding parameters, allowing the desired chemical composition to be achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Modelling the Evolution of Phases during Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel with Low Transformation Temperature Combining Dilatometry Study and FEM

Krishna Murthy,

Akyel,

Reisgen

et al. 2024

JMMP

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In this study, the evolution of volume fractions during laser beam welding (LBW) of stainless steel, with a specific focus on incorporating the low transformation temperature (LTT) effect using the dilatometer, has been proposed. The LTT effect refers to the phase transformations that occur at lower temperatures and lead to the formation of a martensitic microstructure, which will significantly influence the residual stresses and distortion of the welded joints. In this research, the LTT conditions are achieved by varying the Cr and Ni content in the weld seam by varying the weld parameter, including laser power, welding speed and filler wire speed. The dilatometer analysis technique is employed to simulate the thermal conditions encountered during LBW. By subjecting the stainless steel samples to controlled heating and cooling cycles, the kinetics of the volume fractions can be measured using the lever rule and empirical method (KOP and Lee). The phase transformation simulation model is computed by integrating the thermal and metallurgical effects to predict the volume fractions in LBW joints and has been validated using dilatometer results. This provides valuable insight into the relationship between welding parameters and phase transformations in stainless steel with the LTT effect during laser beam welding. Using this relationship, the weld quality can be improved by reducing the residual stresses and distortion.

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Development of High-performance Welding Consumables and Filler Materials: A Review

Raj,

Moharana,

Routray

et al. 2024

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Assessment of the chemical composition of LTT fillers on residual stresses, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 410 AISI welded joints

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Use of a low transformation temperature effect for the targeted reduction of welding distortion in stainless chromium‐nickel steel for an application in rail vehicle construction

Use of a low transformation temperature effect for the targeted reduction of welding distortion in stainless chromium‐nickel steel for an application in rail vehicle construction

Modelling the Evolution of Phases during Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel with Low Transformation Temperature Combining Dilatometry Study and FEM

Development of High-performance Welding Consumables and Filler Materials: A Review

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