Assessment of the Composition of Forest Waste in Terms of Its Further Use

Abstract

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the chemical composition and content of heavy metal contamination in forest logging residues, in order to assess the possibility for their further utilisation. The samples were divided into 9 groups, which included coniferous tree cones, wood, and other multi-species logging residues. The elementary composition, ash content, and calorific value were determined as energy use indicators for the samples. Additionally, the content of heavy and alkali metals, which may affect combustion processes and pollutant emissions, was tested. The high content of heavy metals may also disqualify these residues for other uses. The research shows that the test residues are suitable for energy use due to their high calorific value and low content of heavy metals. However, an increased ash content in some samples and the presence of alkali metals, causing high-temperature corrosion of boilers, may disqualify them as a potential fuel in the combustion process. The forest residues may be used in other thermal processes such as pyrolysis or gasification. A low content of heavy metals and a high content of organic matter permit the use of these residues for the production of adsorbents or composite materials.

Use of Spent Coffee Ground as an Alternative Fuel and Possible Soil Amendment

“…The net calorific value is indirectly influenced by material moisture. Higher moisture levels lead to a lower net calorific value of a material [ 72 ]. Figure 3 shows net calorific value and the moisture levels of different materials.…”

Reducing Emissions from Combustion of Grape Residues in Mixtures with Herbaceous Biomass

“…Based on stoichiometric calculations (see Table 2 ), red grape pomace had the best parameters for energy use compared to the other samples. In comparison to wood biomass, both samples of grape pomace had much higher calorific values than spruce or pine wood [ 50 , 51 ], beech wood [ 52 ], or Canadian poplar wood [ 53 ].…”

Pinus nigra extractives analysis for green growth

“…Extractives are contained in large amounts at wood residues after logging (branches, bark, needles, cones). In Poland, at a conducted research, an effort was made to exploit forest waste for further use, such as production of energy or combustion material [1]. In Canada, in order to be led to recovery, researchers are focused on non-wood products coming from extractives, so as to be used by the forest industry [2].…”